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SAP Architecture & Overview

Systems Applications & Products

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SAP R/1 , R/2

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The R/2 system Reorganized as leading mainframe software for large multinational

corporations

4,300 copies worldwide in 1993

Mainframe-based to replace user legacy software;

co-existence and migration strategy underway for R/2 and R/3

The R/1 system Developed for ICI Chemical

Released 1972

Focused on Sales & Distribution and Materials Management

Discontinued after release of R/2

SAP System Configuration

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ApplicationApplication

DatabaseDatabase

PresentationPresentation

Database applicationpresentation processes

One -tierconfiguration

Two -tierconfiguration

Three -tierconfiguration

Presentation processes

Databaseapplication processes

Databaseprocesses

Application processes

SAP R/3 : 3 Tier Architecture

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Those SAP R/3 software components that

specialize in the management , storage and

retrieval of data form the Database Layer

The Database Layer

Those SAP R/3 software components that

specialize in processing business

applications form the Application Layer.

The Application Layer

Those SAP R/3 software components that

specialize in interacting with end-users

form the Presentation Layer.

The Presentation Layer

SAP R/3 : 3 Tier Architecture

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The Database Layer

components are installed on

high-end database server.

The Application Layer

components are installed

across one or more high-

end servers.

Presentation Layer components are installed across many PCs

What happens when I send a request to SAP?

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Application ServerPresentation . . . Internet

Application

Database

Communication

SAPGUISAPGUI InternetOffice

Work-

process

Work-

process

Work-

process

Dispatcher

TCP/IP

Remote SQL

IPC

Local Bufferfor R/3 Data,

DW-Objects,

ABAP-Objects

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Dispatcher

• Program which manages resources of the R/3 applications

• Receives requests from user and passes them to the corresponding work processes

• Only one dispatcher per application server

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Dispatcher Tasks

• Balances the workload between the processes

• Buffer management in main memory

• Connection with the presentation level

• Organization of the communication processes

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Different Kind of Work Processes for different Tasks

Dialog

SAP DispatcherBatch

Spool

Update

Enqueue

S

12

9

6

3

11 1

7 58 4

210

B

M

G

Message

Gateway

R/2 R/3

V

E

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Dialog Work Processes

Dialog

• Responsible for the interactive tasks of the R/3 system

• Dialog work processes execute only one dialog step at a time and are immediately freed for the next user request

• Constantly switching between users

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Background Work Processes

• Responsible for executing ABAP programs submitted for background execution

• Batch jobs schedule the sequence of program execution

• Used for running long and time consuming programs

Batch12

9

6

3

11 1

7 58 4

210

B

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Spool Work Processes

• Responsible for formatting the data for printing and passing it to the host spool system

• Only one spool work process allowed per server

Spool

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Enqueue Work Processes

• Responsible for the lock management system

• Synchronizes database access for the multiple application servers and work processes

• Only one enqueue process per R/3 system to ensure data integrity

Enqueue

E

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Update Work Processes

• Responsible for making database changes requested by dialog and background processes

• For better performance, this process should be on the database server

UpdateV

Integration

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S

U

P

P

L

I

E

R

C

U

S

T

O

M

E

R

S A P R / 3

Procurement Production Distribution

Finance and Accounting

MM PP SD

FI CO

All business processes throughout the supply chain are executed in

one system sharing all information

Workflow

SAP R/3 : Components

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ABAP

Programs

Configuration

Organization Structure

Key Data Elements

Functionality Configurations

ApplicationMaster Data

Transaction Data

Understanding the Logon Client

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000

001

066

800

Client Copy

Login Screen

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Data in SAP System

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1. Client-dependent Data

(Client-Specific)

2. Client-independent Data

(Cross-Client)

User Master

Customizing

Application

Master

Transaction

Customizing

Repository

configurations≈ xxxx tables

≈ xx,xxx tables

e.g. printer

ABAP programs

ABAP Programming

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SAP R/3 applications are written in the ABAP programming language, and

run within the application layer of the R/3 System.

ABAP programs communicate with the database management system of the

central relational database (RDBMS), and with the graphical user interface

(SAP GUI) at presentation level.

Why do we need ABAP Development ?

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SAP R/3 scope

Specific company

requirements

Non SAP

applications

New Functionality

Development