safety awearness 2015 uk

Safety Awareness CourseCourse Instructor: Claus Thorberg Hansen

Agenda

• Introduction

• Break (when needed)

• Theory

• Protection and Escape Equipment

• Muster Exercise

• Course Evaluation and Presentation of Certificates

• Walkways

• Emergency Exit

• Fire and Evacuation Procedure

• Mobile Phones

• Smoking

• Toilet

Information

Short Presentation of Yourselves.

Suggested Topics:

• Your Occupation.

• Your Offshore/Onshore Oilfield

Experience.

Who are you?

• This training course will present the essential facts of the hidden dangers that can occur during work

• You will learn the measures to be taken to protect yourself and others

• Learn how …

Course Objectives

Safety Policies

What is a safety policy?

• A safety policy aims to secure a safe

and well functioning work

environment.

• The goal is to educate and inform the

employees of the company's values

therefore reducing the number of

injuries on the worksite.

• It is MHSS policy to plan and carry out

its jobs in such a way that the greatest

care is taken to ensure the health and

safety for all the employees

performing the task.

• All personal injuries can be prevented

by proactive measures.

• All employees have a responsibility to

ensure that the work area is safe.

• A safe workplace without any incidents

or accidents is an advantage for:

• The employee and his family.

• The entire A.P. Moller-Maersk Group.

• The community.

• There is a clear correlation between

effort and results.

• Experience shows that if the

management gives the employees the

opportunity to act unsafely then

someone will at some point act

unsafely and thereby expose others to

an unneeded, unsafe working

environment.

• All incidents and accidents must be

reported and investigated.

Safety Policy

Why should I care about safety?

At the end of a work day we want to go:

home safe and healthy

• for our self

• for our family

• for our colleagues

A safe & secure work environment will:

• reduce the likelihood of accidents

• allow us to concentrate on our job

without worries

• promote confidence and pride in

our work and company

• We believe in a safe workplace without

any health, safety and security incidents.

• Personal incidents are considered

unacceptable and should at all times be

prevented. It is our policy to ensure and

document that we obtain the highest

achievable level of:

• Product, service and process safety

• Organizational and logistical safety, and

safety experienced by our customers

• Health, safety and security of employees

considering regulatory requirements as a

minimum

Our Health and Safety Policy

What is Safety Awareness?

What is safety awareness?

• That you think before you act. Be proactive

• Good Planning of The Specific Job

• That all involved personnel are aware of

known procedures before commencing any

• That you follow and respect the given

procedures for the job

• That you ask questions if in doubt

• All have the right to stop any given

operation if they think is it unsafe or

questionable

Why do we need safety awareness?

1. Raise awareness + influence behavior

2. Change the way we communicate

Safety through giving

orders

“You MUST do it”

Safety through training and

engagement

“This is why we have to do it”

Types of Dangerous Occurrences

1. Accident

Somebody was injured or killed

2. Incident

Nobody was injured, but there was

equipment/surrounding damage

3. Near Miss

Nobody was injured, no equipment or

surrounding was damaged, but on another

occasion the hazard could have resulted in

an Accident or Incident

Cost of Accidents

Direct Costs

Indirect Costs

Money-related / short term / 20%

• Medical treatment

• Injury compensation

• Investigation & Insurance

• Down time

• Management time & attention

• Equipment repair

Human & other costs / medium term / 80%

• Reduced quality of life / permanent injury

• Low morale & productivity

• Workarounds & inefficiencies

• Poor customer service / loss of customers

• Brand & Reputation damage

Iceberg Theory

For every visible Accident or Serious Injury,

there are many more unseen Incidents and Near

Misses

VISIBLE (few)

UNSEEN (many)

--------------------------------

• Accident

• Serious Injury

• Incident

• Near Miss

ACCIDENTS & INCIDENTS

In general, the easiest way to find the causing factor to an accident or incident is to find a single event or object that singularly has caused the accident. This is however not always the best procedure when

performing an accident investigation since it is not the investigators job.

The two major angles:

Human factor.

System Failure.

Theories on accidents and incidents

88% Human Factors

Unsafe Acts

10%Environment Factors

Unsafe Conditions

2%Other Factors

Uncontrollable

ACCIDENTS

Causes Of Accidents & Incidents

1. Accident

Somebody was injured or killed

2. Incident

Nobody was injured, but there was equipment/surrounding damage

3. Near Miss

Nobody was injured, no equipment/surrounding was damaged, but on another occasion the hazard could have resulted in an Accident or Incident

Types of Dangerous Occurrences

• An accident is the final event in an unplanned process that results in injury or illness to an employee and possibly property damage. It is the final effect of multiple causes.

• An "event," occurs when one "actor" (one person/thing) performs an "action" (does something). In this definition, a person or thing will do something that results in a change of state. Accidents are processes that culminate in a final event that causes injury or illness. An accident may be the result of many factors (simultaneous, interconnected, cross-linked events) that have interacted in some dynamic way.

What is an accident?

• For simplicity, an incident in general is an individual occurrence or event.

• An incident is a distinct piece of action, or an episode, as in a story or play.

• Usually an incident does not result in a person being injured or harmed.

What is an Incident ?

Accidents cause injuries

incidents do not.

We definitely want to avoid accidents

So why do accidents happen?

• Lack of preparation

• Playing around

• Working without authority, approval,

permission, training

• Ignoring the presence of a hazard

e.g. water & oil on floor

• Working under the influence of drugs

& medicines

• Working long hours without rest

breaks

Examples of Unsafe Acts

Human Factors

• Working at height

• Machine without safeguards

• Exposed electrical wiring

• Unshielded sharp object

• Slippery floor

• Walkway obstructed by untidy

power cables or waste paper

baskets

Examples of Unsafe Conditions

Environmental Factors

The cause of an unsafe attitude:

• Standards and safety procedures are not

being followed

• Personal attitude towards authorities and

safety

• Lack of safety training

• Lack of instruction

• It is a routine job and is therefore not

considered dangerous

The Cause of Unsafe Acts Human Factors

All have the right to stop any given operation if

they believe it is unsafe or questionable

The cause of an unsafe condition:

• Standards and safety procedures are not

being followed

• Personal understanding of the importance of

PM checks

• Lack of safety training

• Lack of instruction

• Cost thinking

• Inadequate or wrong equipment for the

The Cause of Unsafe ConditionsEnvironment Factors

Risk Pyramid

ACCIDENTS

MINOR INCIDENTS

Near Miss

30.000

HIDDEN RISK FACTORS

300.000

UNSAFE ACTS

If we can take action on the Near

Misses & Hazards, then we will

reduce the likelihood of Accidents at

the top of the iceberg

Accident and incident trend

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Lost Time Incident (LTI) Frequency per Million Work Exposure Hours1985 - 2015

Maersk Divisions IADC

Equipment

Systems

Culture

RisksIncident

If we do not do anything a risk can result in an incident

To prevent that we put up barriers

Rules and Procedures are an essential part of the Safety Management System

Human Factors Analysis

There are holes in barriers

They cannot cover every different situation -

By having more barriers we can avoid incidents

Human Factors Analysis

Accident &

Injury

Latent Conditions

Budget cuts

Excess workload

Deficient training program

Improper supervision

Poor training

Mental fatigue

Active Conditions

Loss of situational awareness

Failed or

Absent Defences

Organizational

Factors

Unsafe

Supervision

Preconditio

Unsafe

Acts Unsafe

Accident & Injury

The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System

UnsafeActs

UNSAFEACTS

ViolationsErrors

ExceptionalRoutinePerceptual

ErrorsDecision

ErrorsSkill-Based

Errors

UnsafeActs

UNSAFEACTS

ViolationsErrors

ErrorsDecision

ErrorsSkill-Based

Errors

DECISION ERROR Rule-based Decisions

- Highly Procedural Choice Decisions

- Knowledge-based Structured Decisions - Problem solving

SKILL-BASED ERRORSUnsafe

UNSAFEACTS

ViolationsErrors

ErrorsDecision

ErrorsSkill-Based

Errors

Attention Failures- Breakdown in visual scan- Inadvertent operation of control

Memory Failure- Omitted item in process- Omitted step in procedure

UnsafeActs

UNSAFEACTS

ViolationsErrors

ErrorsDecision

ErrorsSkill-Based

Errors

PERCEPTUAL ERRORS

Misjudge Distance, speed, weight, etc. Loss of situational awareness Visual Illusions

UnsafeActs

UNSAFEACTS

ViolationsErrors

ErrorsDecision

ErrorsSkill-Based

Errors

ROUTINE (COMPLACENCE) Violation of Manuals/Policies

- Failed to Inspect Equipment Prior to Use- Failed to Comply with Tie Down Requirements- Conducted Unauthorized Procedure with Equipment- Risk Assessment not Accomplished

Failed to Adhere to Briefed Requirements Not Current/Qualified for Equipment Improper Procedure

UnsafeActs

UNSAFEACTS

ViolationsErrors

ErrorsDecision

ErrorsSkill-Based

Errors

EXCEPTIONAL(Isolated deviations from the rules)

Violated Manuals/Policies - Performing Unauthorized Operations - Horseplay with Equipment, Ignored Equipment Malfunction - Allowed Unauthorized Operator, Accepted Unnecessary Risk Not Current/Qualified for Equipment Exceeded Limits of Equipment

ADVERSE MENTAL STATE

Substandard Conditions of

Operators

Substandard Practices of Operators

PRECONDITIONSFOR

UNSAFE ACTS

Personal Readiness

Crew Resource Mismanagement

Adverse Physiological

States

Physical/Mental

Limitations

Adverse Mental States

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

Loss of Situational Awareness Alertness (Drowsiness) Overconfidence Complacency Task Fixation

Operators

Personal Readiness

States

Physical/Mental

Limitations

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

UnsafeActs ADVERSE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES

Hypothermia Motion Sickness Fatigue Medical Illness Intoxication

PRECONDITIONSFOR

UNSAFE ACTS

Operators

PRECONDITIONSFOR

UNSAFE ACTS

Personal Readiness

States

Physical/Mental

Limitations

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

UnsafeActs PHYSICAL/MENTAL LIMITATIONS

• Lack of Sensory Input• Limited Reaction Time• Incompatible Physical Capabilities• Incompatible Intelligence/Aptitude

Operators

Personal Readiness

States

Physical/Mental

Limitations

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

UnsafeActs CREW RESOURCE

MISMANAGEMENT Not Working as a Team Poor Coordination/Communication Improper or No Tailgate Briefing Inadequate Coordination of Work

PRECONDITIONSFOR

UNSAFE ACTS

Operators

PRECONDITIONSFOR

UNSAFE ACTS

Personal Readiness

States

Physical/Mental

Limitations

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

PERSONAL READINESSReadiness Problems Inadequate Rest Excess Alcohol Consumption Self-Medicating

Poor Judgement Overexertion While Off Duty Bad Habits

INADEQUATE SUPERVISION

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

InadequateSupervision

Failed toCorrect

Problem

SupervisoryViolations

UNSAFESUPERVISION

PlannedInappropriate

Operations

Failure to Administer Proper Training Lack of Professional Guidance

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

Failed toCorrect

Problem

UNSAFESUPERVISION

Operations

PLANNED INAPPROPRIATEOPERATIONS

Risk without Benefit No Risk Assessment Improper Work Tempo Poor Crew Pairing

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

Operations

Failed toCorrect

Problem

UNSAFESUPERVISION

FAILIURE TO CORRECT A PROBLEMo Failure to Correct Inappropriate Behavioro Failure to Correct a Safety Hazardo Failure to Enforce Safety Rules

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

Operations

Failed toCorrect

Problem

SUPERVISORY VIOLATIONS

Not Adhering to Rules and RegulationsWillful Disregard for Authority by Supervisors Failure to Conduct Risk Assessment

UNSAFESUPERVISION

OrganizationalInfluences

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

OrganizationalClimate

ResourceManagement

OperationalProcess

ORGANIZATIONALINFLUENCES

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HR Budget Equipment/Facility

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

ResourceManagement

OperationalProcess

ORGANIZATIONALCLIMATE

• Structure• Policies• Culture

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

ResourceManagement

OperationalProcess

OPERATIONALPROCESS

OperationsProceduresOversight

Latent Conditions

Budget cuts

Excess workload

Deficient training program

Improper supervision

Poor training

Mental Fatigue

Active Conditions

Loss of situational awareness

Failed orAbsent Defences

OrganizationalFactors

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor

Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

Accident & Injury

Active versus Latent Failures (Reason, 1990)

Safety Culture

Observe

Communicate

Report

A safer working environment

Observe

THIS HAS BEEN REMOVED

Start with an overview of worksite

Look after:

The layout of the worksite.

Unsafe acts.

Unsafe conditions.

Violation of regulations etc.

Talk with the person you observed

• By approaching without criticising the

individual.

• Ask what the plan consists of

• Ask if it is safe enough

• Ask if it could be done in a more safe

or easy way (these are not questions

so require no question mark)

Communicate

Question and show interest

Communicate

PERSONALITY TYPES

THE VISUAL PERSON:

• Learning by looking.

• Not disturbed by noise/sounds.

• Difficulties in remembering oral instructions.

• Clear perception - only few details necessary.

THE AUDITIVE PERSON:

• Learning by listening.

• Disturbed by noise/sounds.

• Repeats oral instructions easily.

• A lot of facts necessary for perception.

PERSONALITY TYPES

THE KINESTHETIC PERSON:

• Learning by looking.

• Learning by doing and evaluating.

• Interested when convenient.

• A lot of facts necessary for perception.

• Touch is OK as physical acknowledgement.

THE AUDIATIVELY DIGITAL PERSON:

• Remembers by procedures, steps and

sequences.

• Wants to be sure that the situation is

purposeful and relevant.

• Considers and reflects very much.

Communicate

Note what you observe

Reporting

• Note what you think has been done wrong.

• Note also if you observe good things.

• Describe improvements or actions that

need to be taken to prevent future

incidents.

I AM OK / YOU ARE OK

• Open-minded and positive.

• Optimistic view of life and accepts

himself/herself as well as other people.

• Gets on well with other people.

• Well-balanced and positive attitude;

the basis for an independent person

being open-minded and devoted.

The OK/OK principle

Exercise

• Your job is to inspect the “yard” and see if there is anything to report.

• You have 1 hour for the assignment.

• During the assignment you have….. It is all placed here in the Training Centre.

• One from each group will present the subject.

Reminders

Always ensure that you have the latest updated procedures

Always know your back up plan

Always ask questions if you are in doubt

Always pay attention to other operations that are in the area you are working

Always respect barriers and signs

Reminders

Never use incorrect equipment for the job

Never attempt shortcuts to save time or money

Never question your right to STOP a job

safety awearness 2015 uk

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