safety and first aid

SAFETY AND FIRST AID

WHAT TO DO?

ACCIDENT• I shouldn’t have been

running!An unexpected event that can cause someone harm.

CAUSES:1. Forgetting to

follow safety rules.

2. Being careless.3. Random.

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON ACCIDENT FOR YOUNG PEOPLE?

FALLS!

• Falls happen frequently because young people are very active.

• Safe practices can help avoid falls.PREVENTION

1. Watch where you are going.2. Be aware of your surroundings.3. Do not run in halls at school.

PREVENTION CONTINUED

4. Take the stairs one at a time.5. Wear shoes with rubber soles.6. Be cautious around wet/slippery places.7. Wipe up spills or notify someone of them.8. Don’t overstretch to reach things in high

places.9. When playing outside watch the ground for

hazards such as rocks or holes.

HAZARDOOPS!

Something that can cause you harm.

May be:1. Things in your

environment , i.e. broken glass.

2. The result of other people’s actions, i.e. someone spilled something and didn’t clean it up.

TYPES OF INJURIES FROM FALLS

BRUISESSCRAPESCUTSSPRAINSSTRAINSBROKEN BONES

INJURIES REQUIRE FIRST AID AND SOMETIMES EMERGENCY SERVICES

• FIRST AID IS THE FIRST AND IMMEDIATE TEMPORARY CARE FOR AN INJURED PERSON.• ACTUAL TREATMENT DEPENDS ON

SEVERITY OF THE INJURY.

FIRST AID

• Minor Cuts: clean with soap and water and apply a bandage.

• Puncture wounds/Deep cuts: apply pressure to stop the bleeding then clean with soap and water and apply a bandage. Call the doctor to ask about a tetanus shot. (Tetanus is an infection caused by poisons made by bacteria that enter a puncture wound.)

FIRST AID

CARE FOR BLODDY NOSES1. Sit down2. Lean forward3. Apply pressure to nose

for 5 minutes4. Apply ice if it doesn’t

stop in 5 minutes5. If you can not get it to

stop call MD or take to ER

HEIMLICH MANEUVER* A procedure used to

dislodge a foreign body clogging the wind pipe(trachea)

FIRST AID

RESCUE BREATHING*Providing air for a person

that is not breathing but their heart is still beating

CPRCARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION*A method of reviving a

person who is not breathing and who does not have a pulse

FIRST AID

RESCUE BREATHING AND CPR SHOULD ONLY BE DONE BY SOMEONE WHO IS TRAINED TO DO

THEM

FIRST AID

SPRAINS AND STRAINS and BROKEN BONES:

R—Rest the injured body partI—Ice the injuryC—Compression– apply

pressure to the injuryE--Elevate the injured body

part– above heart levelCALL 911 IN NEEDED

• POISON:Do not induce

vomiting.Call poison control

and or 911.Save the container

if possible.

FIRST AID

• BEE STING-scrape the stinger out with a card edge or nail file, clean with soap and water, apply ice

• SPIDER BITE-find the spider if possible, if it is a brown recluse or black widow or you aren’t sure call 911, for all other spider bites-clean area with soap and water, apply ice

• BLISTER-clean with soap and water, cover with a clean bandage, do not break the blister

• MINOR BURN OR SUNBURN-place a cold cloth over burn or run under cold water for 10 min., cover with bandage

FIRST AID

• RASHES FROM PLANTS-run cold water over rash, use calamine lotion to stop the itch

• HEAT STROKE-VICTIM HAS A VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE; HOT, RED SKIN; RAPID STRONG PULSE-reduce temperature with cool water or cold packs—do not over chill

• HEAT EXHAUSTION-VICTIM HAS NORMAL TEMPERATURE, PALE CLAMMY SKIN, SWEATING, WEAKNESS, NAUSEA-help victim to lie down; apply cool, wet clothes-give sips of salt water for and hour(1tsp salt per glass)

FIRST AID

• FROST BITE(ICE CRYSTALS IN THE SKIN TISSUE)-VICTIM HAS FLUSHED SKIN TURNING WHITE OR YELLOWISH-wrap him/her up in blankets, immerse chilled tissue in luke warm water, give warm, nonalcoholic drinks

• COLD EXPOSURE(EXCESSIVE LOSS OF BODY HEAT)-VICTIM HAS SHIVERING, NUMBNESS, DROWSINESS-wrap him/her up in blankets, give hot non-alcoholic drinks

ALWAYS SEEK MEDICAL HELP AFTER ADMINISTERING FIRST AID

*FRACTURE-DON’T MOVE THE INJURED BODY PART, PUT ICE ON IT, CALL 911

EMERGENCYAny situation that calls for help right away.

Examples:Fire or

Car Accident

EMERGENCYSTAY CALM

CALL 911----STAY ON THE LINE

DO NOT DO ANYTHING YOU ARE NOT TRAINED TO DO

FIRST AID AND EMERGENCIES

ALWAYS PROTECT YOURSELF IN EMERGENCIES AND WHEN PROVIDING FIRST AID

Universal Precautions– steps taken to avoid contact with pathogens that are possible in body fluids

*Wear gloves*Wash your hands with soap and water*Don’t eat or drink when giving first aid*Don’t touch your mouth or nose when giving first

aid