s15 - computer science and engineering department, iit kanpur

Bird’s eye view of Mobile Networking Space

Pravin Bhagwat

pravin@acm.org

Wireless Technology

Computing and communication evolution

Communication

Computing

Single User OS

Batchprocessingsystems

Timesharing WorkstationLANs

Internet

2G 3G

80s 90s 2000

1GMobileTelephony

Laptop users

Telephony

Millions

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Mobile Internet Outlook

More handsets than PCs connected to the Internet not

too far in the future!

Projectedcellularsubscribers(Nokia 1999)

Projected PCsconnected tothe Internet(Dataquest 10/98)

Projected Webhandsets(Nokia 1999)

* Source: Nokia presentation at IAB workshop 2000

What makes mobile computing different ?

Telephony

Computing

Single User OS

Batchprocessingsystems

Timesharing WorkstationLANs

Internet

1G 2G 3G

80s 90s 2000

MobileTelephony

Laptop users

Mobility Wireless Battery power3 fundamental differences

Mobility

Mobility: Requirements

Auto configuration Secure Remote access from anywhere anytime Access to information resources (web) E-mail, Notification Access continuity

The technical problem

3 key concepts name address routing

home network

M

foreign network

directoryservice

name

address

name to address mappingis dynamic

M

me@foo.net

Two possible solutions

Update name to address mapping

home network

Mforeign network

directoryservice

M

me@foo.net

Fix the routing layer

name ->new address

new address

Developments: 1992- 2002

DHCP

Dynamic DNS

PPP

Web

POP/IMAP

NAT/Firewalls

New developments

IP address == name Adaptive applications

graceful adaptation to network disruptions access from anywhere

Focus has shifted from device mobility to user mobility single user and multiple devices

New applications are emerging location aware context aware

X

Mobile user requirements

Auto configuration

Remote access

Web access

E-mail, notification

Anytime anywhere yes

Access continuity ?

What makes mobile computing different ?

Telephony

Computing

Single User OS

Batchprocessingsystems

Timesharing WorkstationLANs

Internet

1G 2G 3G

80s 90s 2000

MobileTelephony

Laptop users

Mobility Wireless Battery power3 fundamental differences

Wireless

Cellular data rates - hype and reality!

> 600 171.2 kbit/s + V.42 Bis CompressionEncrypted and already compressed data (images) do not compress

171.2 8 Timeslots x 21,4 kbit/s, CS-4 This is theorethical maximum for carrier capacity

149.8 7 Timeslots x 21.4 kbit/s, CS-4 1 timeslot reserved for signalling

115.2 8 Timeslots x 14,4 kbit/s, CS-2 First network implementations support CS-1 and CS-2

100.8 7 Timeslots x 14.4 kbit/s, CS-2 1 timeslot reserved for signalling

43.2 3+1 Timeslot mobile, CS-2First terminal implementations will be at most 3+1 (3 downlink TSs, 1 uplink). Uplink data rate 14,4 kbit/s

34.6 -20 % protocol overhead Assumed 80-20 payload-protocol ratio

31.1 -10 % retransmissions Retransmission rate depends on carrier quality

10-30 Simulations Simulation results for user data rate

kbit/sHow calculated Comments

Note: Radio path is a shared media: Carrier capacity Data rate seen by individual user6

/19

99

* Source: Nokia presentation at IAB workshop 2000

Bandwidth management issues

More efficient use of the link Application specific compression Compression methods must be able to cope with the growth of applications

Coping with extremely high level of contention QoS differentiation and pricing

corenetwork

What makes mobile computing different ?

Telephony

Computing

Single User OS

Batchprocessingsystems

Timesharing WorkstationLANs

Internet

1G 2G 3G

80s 90s 2000

MobileTelephony

Laptop users

Mobility Wireless Battery power3 fundamental differences

Cellular telephony: current picture

ANSI-41 core

IS-95

Europe North America

GPRS

CDPD

GSM core

GSM AMPSIS-136

ANSI-41 core

TDMA200 KHz

TDMA30 KHz

CDMA1.25 MHz

What is 3G ?

Higher rate 114 Kbps or higher in vehicular traffic 384 kbps for pedestrian traffic 2 Mbps or higher for indoor communication Variable rate traffic

Interoperability/roaming Geographic position determination capability

3G vision

AMPSIS-136

ANSI-41 core

IS-95

Europe North America

CDPD

WC

DM

A

UMTS core

GPRS

GSM core

GSM

5 MHz

3G reality

ANSI-41 core

AMPSIS-136

ANSI-41 core

IS-95

Europe North America

CDPD

WC

DM

A

UMTS core

GE

RA

N

CD

MA

2000

EvolvedIS-41 core

3G.PP 3G.PP2

HD

R

GPRS

GSM core

GSM

5 MHz 200 KHz

1.25 MHz

3G participants

IMT-2000

ETSI

3G.PP

Consortium &Partnerships

StandardsDevelopment Organizations

3G.PP2

T1

TTC (J)

TTA (K)

TIA

ARIB (J)

CWTS (c)

3G: the bigger picture

3G.IP MWIF

Mobile IP (macro mobility)

SeaMoby (micro mobility)

WC

DM

A

UMTS core

GE

RA

N

CD

MA

2000

EvolvedIS-41 core

3G.PP 3G.PP2

HD

R

What makes mobile computing different ?

Telephony

Computing

Single User OS

Batchprocessingsystems

Timesharing WorkstationLANs

Internet

1G 2G 3G

80s 90s 2000

MobileTelephony

Laptop users

Mobility Wireless Battery power3 fundamental differences

Battery power