road safety for two / four wheelers, by b c das

Road Safety, By Bimal Chandra Das

1

2

Motor Vehicle ActMotor Vehicle Act

• Be aware of other Road users

Communicate clearly your intentions to

turn, change lanes or to stop. Give

others time to observe & react to your

signal. Maintain safe distance

• HELMET USE Sec.129, M. V. Act Every

person driving / riding a motorcycle of

any class shall wear protective

headgear of ISI

3

Motor Vehicle Act 1939Motor Vehicle Act 1939

• Sec 84 : No vehicle should be parked in

such a manner as it may slide down

forward or backward all of a sudden on

road.

• Sec 85 : Nobody should be a pillion rider

unless there a safe seat for him.

4

Motor Vehicle Act 1939Motor Vehicle Act 1939

• Sec. 81 : Driver himself or any other person

driving a vehicle will not park his / her vehicle

in such a place as to obstruct movement or

cause inconvenience to the other road users.

• Sec 83 : Nobody is permitted to stand, sit or

place any material in the vehicle as to cause

obstruction to view of the driver

5

Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and SectionsMotor Vehicles Act 1988 and Sections

• Motor Vehicles Act 1988 Section 3 (Necessity

for driving license) - No person shall drive a

motor vehicle in any public place unless he

holds an effective driving license.

6

Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and SectionsMotor Vehicles Act 1988 and Sections

• Motor Vehicles Act 1988 Section 4

– No person under the age of 18 years shall drive a motor vehicle in any public place:

– Subject to the provisions of section 18, no person under the age of 20 years shall drive a transport vehicle in any public place.

– No learner's license or driving license shall be issued to any person to drive a vehicle unless he is eligible to drive that class of vehicle under this section.

7

Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and SectionsMotor Vehicles Act 1988 and Sections

• Motor Vehicles Act 1988 Section 119 (Duty to obey traffic signs)

– Every driver of a motor vehicle shall drive the vehicle in conformity with any indication given by mandatory traffic sign and in conformity with the driving regulations made by the Central Government, and shall comply with all directions given to him by any police officer for the time being engaged in the regulation of traffic in any public place.

8

Worldwide toll of road accidentsWorldwide toll of road accidents

• 1.2 million people worldwide are (estimated) killed each year on the roads – that’s around 3,000 deaths daily, 500 of them children

• 50 million people worldwide are believed to be injured in road crashes each year, 15 million seriously

• Low- and middle-income countries account for more than 85 per cent of global deaths from road traffic crashes;

• The global financial cost of road traffic injuries is 518 billion USD each year;

9

Worldwide toll of road accidents:Worldwide toll of road accidents:

• The cost to low- and middle-income

countries is 65 billion USD, more than all

development aid income

• For males aged 15-44, road traffic

injuries rank second (behind HIV/AIDS)

as the leading cause of premature death

and ill health worldwide

10

Cross Cross RoadsRoads

Slow down when approaching a cross road.

At intersection between Main & Minor

roads, give way to traffic on the main road.

At junction Look right, then Lt. and the right

again before proceeding.

11

Cross Cross RoadsRoads

When turning right, signal up your intension

and proceed as near as possible to the

centre of the Rd. & complete your turn so

as to arrive as near as possible to the Lt.

hand side of the Rd. which you are entering.

12

Cross Cross RoadsRoads

When turning Left signal your intension and

drive as close as possible to Lt. hand side of

Rd. and continue to keep to the Lt. of the

Rd. you are interning. Do not swing out

immediately to the right either before or

after making the turn.

13

Safe Safe DrivingDriving

Keep vehicle to left unless while overtaking

or turning

Care while passing stationary large vehicles

- someone may suddenly appear

At road intersections give priority to traffic

on your right

14

Safe Driving

Go slow when passing animals & give

plenty of space

Never overtake when you cannot see road

ahead or at crossings

Never use more light than needed

Talking to pillion riders

Do not use mobile phones while driving

15

Safe Driving (2-Safe Driving (2-Whhelers)Whhelers)

Be a good driver not a fast one

Wearing crash helmets is a must

Drive with your engine not brake

No challenge / competition on roads

Never accelerate while being overtaken

Check vehicle condition. Don't wait for

break-downs

16

UNSAFE UNSAFE PRACTICESPRACTICES

OVERSPEEDING

Restrictions Factory Act

16 / 20 Kmph - Congested Areas Rail-Road crossings

30 Kmph - Free Areas

17

DEFENSIVE DRIVINGDEFENSIVE DRIVING

• Defensive Driving is Driving to Save Lives, Time &

Money Despite the Conditions around You and the

actions of the others.

• DRIVING CODE:-

• Care, Courtesy and Consideration ((For Other For Other

Road Users)Road Users)

• Knowledge of Traffic Rules &Regulations

• Alertness for Illegal Turnings

• Driving Errors of Other Drivers

• Concern for Accident Prevention (Regardless (Regardless

of who is atof who is at Fault OR Right)Fault OR Right)

18

Qualities of a Defensive DriverQualities of a Defensive Driver

• Concentration

• Alertness

• Knowledge of Rules & Route

• Judgment

• Foresight

• Skill

• Patience

• Understanding

19

• Road

• Light

• Weather

• Traffic Intencity

• Vehicle Condition

• Driver (Skill,Age,Experience etc.)

Vehicles Collision Conditions Vehicles Collision Conditions

20

Vehicles Collision Conditions Vehicles Collision Conditions

• Vehicle Ahead

• Vehicle Behind

• On Coming Vehicle

• Vehicle at Intersection / Angle

• Vehicle Passing by Side

• A Vehicle Being Overtaken

• Human Factor (Unsafe practice of

user Drivers, Pedestrians)

21

Condition of Condition of VehiclesVehicles

Preventive Maintenance:-

Brake

Tyres

Air Pressure

Steering

Lights

Horn

22

HUMAN HUMAN FACTORSFACTORS

Attention distracted

Driving by one hand

Driving under Fatigue / Tension

Driving after alcohol / drugs

Spitting while driving

Standing on road & gossiping

Forceful driving on narrow paths

2 set of vehicle moving parallel

23

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Dogs & cattle on roads

Fog & Mist

Dusty atmosphere

Children playing on roads

Persons sitting by the side of road

Noisy areas Emission of smokes from vehicles

24

Signals constitute the

Language of road.

“SPEAK” it clearly

for your own & other

people’s “SAFETY”

25

Better DrivingBetter Driving

• Do not expect others to read your mind.

• Before Moving off, Slowing, Stopping, Changing

direction or Overtaking, give clear & bold signals

well in advance.• Give proper signals well ahead of time • Keep a safe distance from the car ahead of you.

26

• Driving at night is more dangerous than day time. Ninety percent of a driver's reaction depends on vision, and vision is severely limited at night. Depth perception, color recognition and peripheral vision are compromised after sundown.

Better DrivingBetter Driving

27

• Don't over drive your headlights. You should

be able to stop inside the illuminated area

• Keep your headlights on low beams when

following another vehicle so you don't blind

the driver ahead of you.

Better DrivingBetter Driving

28

Standard Accident Prevention FormulaStandard Accident Prevention Formula

• Recognize the hazard• Understand the hazard• Act correctly in time

Three ‘E’s formulaThree ‘E’s formula

• Education• Engineering• Enforcement

29

OvertakingOvertaking

On Narrow roads or paths

Sufficient space not available

Narrow bridge

Near corner / bend

Near hump

On turnings / road crossings & round about

When vehicle ahead has slowedprior to turning right

30

OvertakingOvertaking

• Never accelerate while you are being

overtaken.

• Always help the overtaking vehicle to do so

safely.

• Never overtake unless you sure you can do

so without danger to yourself or others.

31

ParkingParking

• Always park in the direction of the flow

of the traffic.

• Where parking place is provided, use it,

even if it is a bit farther away from your

point of call.

32

Don’t parkDon’t park

• At or near Rd. Jn., bend, corner, bridge.

• Near pedestrian crossing / traffic lights.

• Opposite or nearly opposite another

standing vehicle on the other side of

the Rd., / along a parked vehicle.

• At the entrance of gates of Bldg., office,

hospital etc.

33

Braking DistanceBraking Distance

• Vehicles can not STOP DEAD without covering sufficient distance.

• The distance covered in the THINKING and BRAKING at Different Speeds are shown in the chart.

34

Braking DistanceBraking Distance

Speed in

MPH / KMPH

Thinking Distance

Braking Distance

20 / 32 20 ft./ 6.1 mtr 20 ft./ 6.1 mtr

30 / 48.3 30 ft./ 9.1 mtr 45 ft./ 15.7 mtr

40 / 64.4 40 ft. / 12.2 mtr 80 ft. / 24.4 mtr

50 / 80.5 50 ft. / 15.2 mtr 125 ft. / 38.1 mtr

35

Traffic Signs

STOP

STOP

ST

OP

ST

OP

WRONG

WRONG

36

Traffic Signs

WRONGRIGHT

WRONG

37

HEAVY VEHICLESHEAVY VEHICLES

Heavy vehicle time restrictions

Issue of inspection manuals for private

trucks

Periodic safety checks

Counseling, warning, debarring & fine

for erring defaulters

38

HEAVY VEHICLESHEAVY VEHICLES

Unsecured loads

Do not allow persons on loaded

materials or footboard

Signal before slowing / turning

On slope vehicle to be in geared

position

39

Safety for Safety for PEDESTRIANSPEDESTRIANS

Awareness-Road environment

Use of Facilities Pedestrian lights Footpaths Zebra crossings Overhead bridges Under pass

Wear light coloured clothes at night

Avoid crossing between twoparked vehicles or at bends

40

Major causes of road accidents Major causes of road accidents (unsafe practices)(unsafe practices)

• Speed

• During Overtaking .

• Overtaking in wrong side.

• Carelessness.

• Gossiping with others while driving.

• Thinking of household / other problems while

driving.

41

Causes of road accidents Causes of road accidents (unsafe practices)(unsafe practices)

• Not in peace of mind while driving.

• Taking turn without giving signals.

• Sharp right side turning.

• Not following the road safety rules.

• Driving while using mobile phone

• without keeping a safe distance.

• Reversing vehicles without horns.

42

Causes of road accidents Causes of road accidents (unsafe conditions) (unsafe conditions)

• Driver’s inability to see side & rear for

overtaking vehicles.

• Improper illumination on road.

• Poor road condition.

• L - turnings / blind corners.

• Failure of equipments.

• Spillage of materials on the road by other

vehicle.

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

The Way We Should Not Work

50

Thank You