road safety for two / four wheelers, by b c das
Post on 11-Sep-2014
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DESCRIPTION
The term road traffic safety is an indication of how safe individual users are on some particular road, or on the roads belonging to some region. It is sharing of knowledge for education purpose for road users - By Bimal Chandra Das / Kolkata / BokaroTRANSCRIPT
Road Safety, By Bimal Chandra Das
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Motor Vehicle ActMotor Vehicle Act
• Be aware of other Road users
Communicate clearly your intentions to
turn, change lanes or to stop. Give
others time to observe & react to your
signal. Maintain safe distance
• HELMET USE Sec.129, M. V. Act Every
person driving / riding a motorcycle of
any class shall wear protective
headgear of ISI
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Motor Vehicle Act 1939Motor Vehicle Act 1939
• Sec 84 : No vehicle should be parked in
such a manner as it may slide down
forward or backward all of a sudden on
road.
• Sec 85 : Nobody should be a pillion rider
unless there a safe seat for him.
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Motor Vehicle Act 1939Motor Vehicle Act 1939
• Sec. 81 : Driver himself or any other person
driving a vehicle will not park his / her vehicle
in such a place as to obstruct movement or
cause inconvenience to the other road users.
• Sec 83 : Nobody is permitted to stand, sit or
place any material in the vehicle as to cause
obstruction to view of the driver
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Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and SectionsMotor Vehicles Act 1988 and Sections
• Motor Vehicles Act 1988 Section 3 (Necessity
for driving license) - No person shall drive a
motor vehicle in any public place unless he
holds an effective driving license.
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Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and SectionsMotor Vehicles Act 1988 and Sections
• Motor Vehicles Act 1988 Section 4
– No person under the age of 18 years shall drive a motor vehicle in any public place:
– Subject to the provisions of section 18, no person under the age of 20 years shall drive a transport vehicle in any public place.
– No learner's license or driving license shall be issued to any person to drive a vehicle unless he is eligible to drive that class of vehicle under this section.
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Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and SectionsMotor Vehicles Act 1988 and Sections
• Motor Vehicles Act 1988 Section 119 (Duty to obey traffic signs)
– Every driver of a motor vehicle shall drive the vehicle in conformity with any indication given by mandatory traffic sign and in conformity with the driving regulations made by the Central Government, and shall comply with all directions given to him by any police officer for the time being engaged in the regulation of traffic in any public place.
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Worldwide toll of road accidentsWorldwide toll of road accidents
• 1.2 million people worldwide are (estimated) killed each year on the roads – that’s around 3,000 deaths daily, 500 of them children
• 50 million people worldwide are believed to be injured in road crashes each year, 15 million seriously
• Low- and middle-income countries account for more than 85 per cent of global deaths from road traffic crashes;
• The global financial cost of road traffic injuries is 518 billion USD each year;
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Worldwide toll of road accidents:Worldwide toll of road accidents:
• The cost to low- and middle-income
countries is 65 billion USD, more than all
development aid income
• For males aged 15-44, road traffic
injuries rank second (behind HIV/AIDS)
as the leading cause of premature death
and ill health worldwide
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Cross Cross RoadsRoads
Slow down when approaching a cross road.
At intersection between Main & Minor
roads, give way to traffic on the main road.
At junction Look right, then Lt. and the right
again before proceeding.
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Cross Cross RoadsRoads
When turning right, signal up your intension
and proceed as near as possible to the
centre of the Rd. & complete your turn so
as to arrive as near as possible to the Lt.
hand side of the Rd. which you are entering.
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Cross Cross RoadsRoads
When turning Left signal your intension and
drive as close as possible to Lt. hand side of
Rd. and continue to keep to the Lt. of the
Rd. you are interning. Do not swing out
immediately to the right either before or
after making the turn.
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Safe Safe DrivingDriving
Keep vehicle to left unless while overtaking
or turning
Care while passing stationary large vehicles
- someone may suddenly appear
At road intersections give priority to traffic
on your right
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Safe Driving
Go slow when passing animals & give
plenty of space
Never overtake when you cannot see road
ahead or at crossings
Never use more light than needed
Talking to pillion riders
Do not use mobile phones while driving
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Safe Driving (2-Safe Driving (2-Whhelers)Whhelers)
Be a good driver not a fast one
Wearing crash helmets is a must
Drive with your engine not brake
No challenge / competition on roads
Never accelerate while being overtaken
Check vehicle condition. Don't wait for
break-downs
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UNSAFE UNSAFE PRACTICESPRACTICES
OVERSPEEDING
Restrictions Factory Act
16 / 20 Kmph - Congested Areas Rail-Road crossings
30 Kmph - Free Areas
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DEFENSIVE DRIVINGDEFENSIVE DRIVING
• Defensive Driving is Driving to Save Lives, Time &
Money Despite the Conditions around You and the
actions of the others.
• DRIVING CODE:-
• Care, Courtesy and Consideration ((For Other For Other
Road Users)Road Users)
• Knowledge of Traffic Rules &Regulations
• Alertness for Illegal Turnings
• Driving Errors of Other Drivers
• Concern for Accident Prevention (Regardless (Regardless
of who is atof who is at Fault OR Right)Fault OR Right)
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Qualities of a Defensive DriverQualities of a Defensive Driver
• Concentration
• Alertness
• Knowledge of Rules & Route
• Judgment
• Foresight
• Skill
• Patience
• Understanding
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• Road
• Light
• Weather
• Traffic Intencity
• Vehicle Condition
• Driver (Skill,Age,Experience etc.)
Vehicles Collision Conditions Vehicles Collision Conditions
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Vehicles Collision Conditions Vehicles Collision Conditions
• Vehicle Ahead
• Vehicle Behind
• On Coming Vehicle
• Vehicle at Intersection / Angle
• Vehicle Passing by Side
• A Vehicle Being Overtaken
• Human Factor (Unsafe practice of
user Drivers, Pedestrians)
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Condition of Condition of VehiclesVehicles
Preventive Maintenance:-
Brake
Tyres
Air Pressure
Steering
Lights
Horn
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HUMAN HUMAN FACTORSFACTORS
Attention distracted
Driving by one hand
Driving under Fatigue / Tension
Driving after alcohol / drugs
Spitting while driving
Standing on road & gossiping
Forceful driving on narrow paths
2 set of vehicle moving parallel
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Dogs & cattle on roads
Fog & Mist
Dusty atmosphere
Children playing on roads
Persons sitting by the side of road
Noisy areas Emission of smokes from vehicles
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Signals constitute the
Language of road.
“SPEAK” it clearly
for your own & other
people’s “SAFETY”
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Better DrivingBetter Driving
• Do not expect others to read your mind.
• Before Moving off, Slowing, Stopping, Changing
direction or Overtaking, give clear & bold signals
well in advance.• Give proper signals well ahead of time • Keep a safe distance from the car ahead of you.
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• Driving at night is more dangerous than day time. Ninety percent of a driver's reaction depends on vision, and vision is severely limited at night. Depth perception, color recognition and peripheral vision are compromised after sundown.
Better DrivingBetter Driving
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• Don't over drive your headlights. You should
be able to stop inside the illuminated area
• Keep your headlights on low beams when
following another vehicle so you don't blind
the driver ahead of you.
Better DrivingBetter Driving
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Standard Accident Prevention FormulaStandard Accident Prevention Formula
• Recognize the hazard• Understand the hazard• Act correctly in time
Three ‘E’s formulaThree ‘E’s formula
• Education• Engineering• Enforcement
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OvertakingOvertaking
On Narrow roads or paths
Sufficient space not available
Narrow bridge
Near corner / bend
Near hump
On turnings / road crossings & round about
When vehicle ahead has slowedprior to turning right
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OvertakingOvertaking
• Never accelerate while you are being
overtaken.
• Always help the overtaking vehicle to do so
safely.
• Never overtake unless you sure you can do
so without danger to yourself or others.
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ParkingParking
• Always park in the direction of the flow
of the traffic.
• Where parking place is provided, use it,
even if it is a bit farther away from your
point of call.
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Don’t parkDon’t park
• At or near Rd. Jn., bend, corner, bridge.
• Near pedestrian crossing / traffic lights.
• Opposite or nearly opposite another
standing vehicle on the other side of
the Rd., / along a parked vehicle.
• At the entrance of gates of Bldg., office,
hospital etc.
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Braking DistanceBraking Distance
• Vehicles can not STOP DEAD without covering sufficient distance.
• The distance covered in the THINKING and BRAKING at Different Speeds are shown in the chart.
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Braking DistanceBraking Distance
Speed in
MPH / KMPH
Thinking Distance
Braking Distance
20 / 32 20 ft./ 6.1 mtr 20 ft./ 6.1 mtr
30 / 48.3 30 ft./ 9.1 mtr 45 ft./ 15.7 mtr
40 / 64.4 40 ft. / 12.2 mtr 80 ft. / 24.4 mtr
50 / 80.5 50 ft. / 15.2 mtr 125 ft. / 38.1 mtr
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Traffic Signs
STOP
STOP
ST
OP
ST
OP
WRONG
WRONG
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Traffic Signs
WRONGRIGHT
WRONG
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HEAVY VEHICLESHEAVY VEHICLES
Heavy vehicle time restrictions
Issue of inspection manuals for private
trucks
Periodic safety checks
Counseling, warning, debarring & fine
for erring defaulters
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HEAVY VEHICLESHEAVY VEHICLES
Unsecured loads
Do not allow persons on loaded
materials or footboard
Signal before slowing / turning
On slope vehicle to be in geared
position
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Safety for Safety for PEDESTRIANSPEDESTRIANS
Awareness-Road environment
Use of Facilities Pedestrian lights Footpaths Zebra crossings Overhead bridges Under pass
Wear light coloured clothes at night
Avoid crossing between twoparked vehicles or at bends
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Major causes of road accidents Major causes of road accidents (unsafe practices)(unsafe practices)
• Speed
• During Overtaking .
• Overtaking in wrong side.
• Carelessness.
• Gossiping with others while driving.
• Thinking of household / other problems while
driving.
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Causes of road accidents Causes of road accidents (unsafe practices)(unsafe practices)
• Not in peace of mind while driving.
• Taking turn without giving signals.
• Sharp right side turning.
• Not following the road safety rules.
• Driving while using mobile phone
• without keeping a safe distance.
• Reversing vehicles without horns.
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Causes of road accidents Causes of road accidents (unsafe conditions) (unsafe conditions)
• Driver’s inability to see side & rear for
overtaking vehicles.
• Improper illumination on road.
• Poor road condition.
• L - turnings / blind corners.
• Failure of equipments.
• Spillage of materials on the road by other
vehicle.
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The Way We Should Not Work
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Thank You