revision lesson: making crude oil useful (fractional distillation and cracking) part 1

Making Crude Oil UsefulLearning Intention

We are learning about how Crude oil is separated into

fractions and why.How and why fractional

distillation works.To use data to evaluate the use

of different fuels

Keywords& Phrases

FractionsDistillation

FuelsCrude OilEvaluate

Look at the following formula displayed on your starter activity sheet. Write down two facts about each molecule from its formula (3 marks)

Starter Activity

TemperatureSaturated

UnsaturatedFamily nameWhat Group?

General FormulaBromine waterMore reactive

DensityIntermolecular-force

Look at the following formula displayed on your starter activity sheet. Write down two facts about each molecule from its formula (3 marks)

Starter Activity

HintsHint

Why is crude oil separated into Fractions?

Watch video clip:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26AN1LfbUPc

Fractional Distillation

i. What is fractional distillation?

ii. Explain why crude oil is separated by fractional distillation.

Use ideas about Size of

molecules Forces between

molecules and how these affect

boiling point. May 2012 GCSE Q1 b)

http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/135630-mark-scheme-unit-b641-02-unit-01-modules-c1-c2-c3-higher-tier-june.pdf

Fractional Distillation

i. What is fractional distillation? ii. Explain how and why fractional

distillation works.

Hints

Crude Oil Mixture

FractionsBoiling points

Large moleculesSmall molecules

More on properties of fractions

1. What can you say about the fractions that are at the top of the column (in terms of its boiling point – low or high?)

2. What can you say about bigger molecules and its forces?

Properties of fractions1. What can you say about the fractions that are at the top of the column (in terms of its boiling point – low or high?)2. What can you say about bigger molecules and its forces?

Hints Name the force between them

Intermolecular forces Strong attractive forces or

weak attractive forces? Easily separated or not? High boiling point - Low boiling point-

The Fractions In Crude OilPetrol contains the alkane with 8 carbons.i. Can you guess its name?ii. Draw a picture of the molecule.

CrackingCracking is used to make ethene.

Cracking needs a high temperature and a catalyst.

Write about cracking.

Your answers should include What happens to hydrocarbon molecules during cracking. Why cracking is a useful reaction

May 2010 GCSE H-Tier Q 3(d)

http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/61307-mark-scheme-unit-b641-02-unit-01-modules-c1-c2-c3-higher-tier-june.pdf

Cracking Large MoleculesThe large molecules from crude oil can be broken down (or cracked) into smaller, more useful molecules.

Comparing Fuels – Peer Assessment Task

You are going to peer assess your work titled:

Comparing Fuels, based on the following success

criteria/benchmark.

Why Is Cracking Important?

Why Is Cracking Important?

Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not

efficient. They do not flow easily and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains

too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon

molecules to meet demand - this is where cracking comes in.

Plenary

60 seconds challenge – Sum Up

Self Assessment

You have 7 minutes Self assessment – record what you’ve learnt, any difficulties you have had and set your personal targets.

Cracking of Hexane

HexaneC₆H₁₄ Butane + Ethene

Comparing Fuel Assessment Task

My Improvement target

5 minutes TaskNow your work has been assessed,

choose one or two improvement targets using green pen and the

template provided.

Best Plenary tips

See tips shown in the linkhttp://www.teach-ict.com/teacher/plenary/plenaries.htm

Is used to separate c…………… o………. into

u………………..substances called f……………. in a fractionating

column. Each fraction is a mixture of h……………………… with

similar b………….. p………………Fraction Uses

Starter ActivityLook at the following formula displayed

on your starter activity sheet. Write down two facts about each

molecule from its formula (3 marks)

Making Crude Oil UsefulLearning Intention

We are learning about how crude oil can be separated into fractions.

How and why fractional distillation works.How the forces between molecules affect their

boiling points.

Understand and apply the concept of intermolecular

forces. Explain why cracking

matches the supply and demand of petrol.

Explain

i. Know how fractional distillation works because of differences temperature.

ii. To label fractional distillation apparatus.

Success Criteria

Know how fractional distillation works because of differences temperature.

To label fractional distillation apparatus.

Explained that cracking converts large alkanes

into smaller ones.

Understand and apply the concept of intermolecular forces.

Used equations where appropriate to explain to the concept of cracking.

Evaluate the use of different fuels

Showed detailed knowledge and understanding of extraction methods and how this relates to the reactivity seriesUsed equations where appropriate to explain to the concept of cracking.

Making Crude Oil UsefulLearning Intention

We are learning about how Crude oil are separated into fractions and why.

How and why fractional distillation works.To interpret and evaluate data to choose the best

fuel for a particular purpose.