revision lesson: making crude oil useful (fractional distillation and cracking) part 1
DESCRIPTION
This is a draft copy prepared for a lower ability group Core Science lesson...TRANSCRIPT
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Making Crude Oil UsefulLearning Intention
We are learning about how Crude oil is separated into
fractions and why.How and why fractional
distillation works.To use data to evaluate the use
of different fuels
Keywords& Phrases
FractionsDistillation
FuelsCrude OilEvaluate
Look at the following formula displayed on your starter activity sheet. Write down two facts about each molecule from its formula (3 marks)
Starter Activity
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TemperatureSaturated
UnsaturatedFamily nameWhat Group?
General FormulaBromine waterMore reactive
DensityIntermolecular-force
Look at the following formula displayed on your starter activity sheet. Write down two facts about each molecule from its formula (3 marks)
Starter Activity
HintsHint
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Why is crude oil separated into Fractions?
Watch video clip:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26AN1LfbUPc
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Fractional Distillation
i. What is fractional distillation?
ii. Explain why crude oil is separated by fractional distillation.
Use ideas about Size of
molecules Forces between
molecules and how these affect
boiling point. May 2012 GCSE Q1 b)
http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/135630-mark-scheme-unit-b641-02-unit-01-modules-c1-c2-c3-higher-tier-june.pdf
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Fractional Distillation
i. What is fractional distillation? ii. Explain how and why fractional
distillation works.
Hints
Crude Oil Mixture
FractionsBoiling points
Large moleculesSmall molecules
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More on properties of fractions
1. What can you say about the fractions that are at the top of the column (in terms of its boiling point – low or high?)
2. What can you say about bigger molecules and its forces?
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Properties of fractions1. What can you say about the fractions that are at the top of the column (in terms of its boiling point – low or high?)2. What can you say about bigger molecules and its forces?
Hints Name the force between them
Intermolecular forces Strong attractive forces or
weak attractive forces? Easily separated or not? High boiling point - Low boiling point-
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The Fractions In Crude OilPetrol contains the alkane with 8 carbons.i. Can you guess its name?ii. Draw a picture of the molecule.
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CrackingCracking is used to make ethene.
Cracking needs a high temperature and a catalyst.
Write about cracking.
Your answers should include What happens to hydrocarbon molecules during cracking. Why cracking is a useful reaction
May 2010 GCSE H-Tier Q 3(d)
http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/61307-mark-scheme-unit-b641-02-unit-01-modules-c1-c2-c3-higher-tier-june.pdf
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Cracking Large MoleculesThe large molecules from crude oil can be broken down (or cracked) into smaller, more useful molecules.
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Comparing Fuels – Peer Assessment Task
You are going to peer assess your work titled:
Comparing Fuels, based on the following success
criteria/benchmark.
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Why Is Cracking Important?
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Why Is Cracking Important?
Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not
efficient. They do not flow easily and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains
too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon
molecules to meet demand - this is where cracking comes in.
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Plenary
60 seconds challenge – Sum Up
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Self Assessment
You have 7 minutes Self assessment – record what you’ve learnt, any difficulties you have had and set your personal targets.
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Cracking of Hexane
HexaneC₆H₁₄ Butane + Ethene
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Comparing Fuel Assessment Task
My Improvement target
5 minutes TaskNow your work has been assessed,
choose one or two improvement targets using green pen and the
template provided.
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Best Plenary tips
See tips shown in the linkhttp://www.teach-ict.com/teacher/plenary/plenaries.htm
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Is used to separate c…………… o………. into
u………………..substances called f……………. in a fractionating
column. Each fraction is a mixture of h……………………… with
similar b………….. p………………Fraction Uses
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Starter ActivityLook at the following formula displayed
on your starter activity sheet. Write down two facts about each
molecule from its formula (3 marks)
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Making Crude Oil UsefulLearning Intention
We are learning about how crude oil can be separated into fractions.
How and why fractional distillation works.How the forces between molecules affect their
boiling points.
Understand and apply the concept of intermolecular
forces. Explain why cracking
matches the supply and demand of petrol.
Explain
i. Know how fractional distillation works because of differences temperature.
ii. To label fractional distillation apparatus.
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Success Criteria
Know how fractional distillation works because of differences temperature.
To label fractional distillation apparatus.
Explained that cracking converts large alkanes
into smaller ones.
Understand and apply the concept of intermolecular forces.
Used equations where appropriate to explain to the concept of cracking.
Evaluate the use of different fuels
Showed detailed knowledge and understanding of extraction methods and how this relates to the reactivity seriesUsed equations where appropriate to explain to the concept of cracking.
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Making Crude Oil UsefulLearning Intention
We are learning about how Crude oil are separated into fractions and why.
How and why fractional distillation works.To interpret and evaluate data to choose the best
fuel for a particular purpose.