revision learning

4. Aspects of Human Learning

BehavioristicCognitive

Constructivist

Skinner Pavlov Ausubel Rogers

4. Aspects of Human Learning

BehavioristicCognitive

Constructivist

S- R

Governed by consequence

Language learning requires stimulus response exposure

Old + New = Meaning

Systematic forgetting

Language Learning requires meaningful contexts

Social interaction

Adaption

Personal growth

Community of learners –Facilitate, Interact, empower

4. Aspects of Human Learning

Community of learners Learner centered

Interaction Social Interaction

Learn how to learn Constrictivist -Rogers

Whole Person

Empowerment Emotion

Facilitation not instruction Adapt & grow to enhance existence

Self-concept – individual reality

4. Learning - Gagne

• One – Signal Learning BEHAVIOURIST

4. Learning - Gagne

• Two – Stimulus Response BEHAVIOURIST

4. Learning - Gagne

• Three – Chaining BEHAVIOURIST

4. Learning - Gagne

• Four – Multiple discriminations BEHAVIOURIST

4. Learning - Gagne

• Five – Concept Learning COGNITIVE

4. Learning - Gagne

• Six – Principle Learning Cognitive/Constructivist

Patterns

4. Learning - Gagne

• Seven – Problem Solving Cognitive/Constructivist

4. Learning – Multiple Intelligence : Gardiner

• Linguistic

4. Learning – Multiple Intelligence : Gardiner

• Logic - Maths

4. Learning – Multiple Intelligence : Gardiner

• Musical

4. Learning – Multiple Intelligence : Gardiner

• Spatial – forming mental pictures of reality

4. Learning – Multiple Intelligence : Gardiner

• Body - Kinesthetic

4. Learning – Multiple Intelligence : Gardiner

• Naturalist

4. Learning – Multiple Intelligence : Gardiner

• Interpersonal

4. Learning – Multiple Intelligence : Gardiner

• Intrapersonal – ID , me , self-awareness

Language Teaching Methods

Total Physical Response The Natural Approach

“Silent” “ i + I” “conversation”

The Audiolingual Method Community Language Learning

Language Teaching Methods

Total Physical Response The Natural Approach

“Silent” “ i + I” “conversation”

The Audiolingual Method Community Language Learning

Total Physical Response

• Low stress environment

Total Physical Response

• Listening

Total Physical Response

• Acting

Total Physical Response

• Today useful for classroom activities

• Based on Behaviorist ideas of stimulus – response (S-R)

Language Teaching Methods

Total Physical Response The Natural Approach

“Silent” “ i + I” “conversation”

The Audiolingual Method Community Language Learning

Krashen’s Natural Approach

• “Silent Period”

Krashen’s Natural Approach

• “ i + I”

• Basic conversation. New input just beyond the learners level.

Krashen’s Natural Approach

• “conversation”

Krashen’s Natural Approach

• Facilitator – groups , games

Krashen’s Natural Approach

• Criticism – reliance on input not interaction

Language Teaching Methods

Total Physical Response The Natural Approach

“Silent” “ i + I” “conversation”

The Audiolingual Method Community Language Learning

The Audiolingual Method

• Reinforcement, Set phrases, repetition

The Audiolingual Method

• Lost popularity – LA not through rote and error avoidance.

Language Teaching Methods

Total Physical Response The Natural Approach

“Silent” “ i + I” “conversation”

The Audiolingual Method Community Language Learning

Community Language Learning

• Fundamental affective and interpersonal nature of learning.

Community Language Learning

• CLL – Rogers – student teacher joint facilitation.

Community Language Learning

• CLL – Rogers – student teacher joint facilitation.

Community Language Learning

• CLL – joint facilitation – develop trust in L1.

Community Language Learning

• CLL – joint facilitation – group work – using tapes

Community Language Learning

• CLL – joint facilitation – dependence to independence

Community Language Learning

• CLL – Criticisms – too non-directive

Community Language Learning

• CLL – Criticisms – heavily reliant on language translation

Community Language Learning

• CLL – Positives:

• Lower anxiety, supportive groups, own pace, develop autonomy

Vygotsky – Sociocultural Learning

• ZPD – zone of proximal development

• “what a learner could learn with appropriate stimuli”

• “social interaction the foundation of cognitive development”