respiratory system and circulatory system

Respiratory System and Circulatory System

What is Respiratory System • The human respiratory

system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs of the respiratory system are lungs, which carry out this exchange of gases as we breathe.

Respiratory System• Organs of the respiratory system• Nose/Mouth Bronchi• Nasal Cavity Bronchioles• Pharynx Alveoli • Epiglottis Pleura• Trachea Lungs Lobes

Nose• Brings air into the body• Nasal hair in nostrils trap dust Nostrils- the two openings of the nose the filters the air we breathe.

Nasal Cavity

• Traps dust, pollen and other materials that were not trapped by nasal hairs

Pharynx • A muscular tube in the upper throat where

the warmed, moistened and filtered air moves

• Tube-like passageway used by food, liquid, and air

Epiglottis• At the lower end pharynx is a flap of tissue

called epiglottis closes the entrance to the rest of the reparatory system when you swallow.

Trachea• Air- conducting tube• Connects the larynx with the bronchi• Lined with mucus membranes and cilia• Contains strong cartilage rings

Bronchi • Tiny Branches of air tubes in the lungs • Connect bronchi to alveoli

Bronchioles • Tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs• Connect bronchi to alveoli

Alveoli • Alveoli are tiny sacs within our lungs that

allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream.

Pleura• The pleura refers to the 2 membranes that

cover the lungs and line the chest cavity.

Lungs •  The lungs are a pair of breathing organs

located with the chest which remove carbon dioxide from and bring oxygen to the blood. 

Lobes Right lung has 3 lobes Left lung has 2 lobes Right superior Left superiorRight inferior Left inferiorRight middle

Parts of Respiratory System

Diseases in Respiratory System• Asthma- a respiratory condition marked by spasms in

the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.

• Lung Cancer • Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of

abnormal cells that start off in one or both lungs; usually in the cells that line the air passages. The abnormal cells do not develop into healthy lung tissue, they divide rapidly and form tumors.

• Pneumonia• lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral

infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid. Inflammation may affect both lungs

Circulatory System •  The system that moves blood throughout the

body. The circulatory system is composed of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins. This remarkable system transports oxygenated blood from the lungs and heart throughout the body via the arteries.

Main Parts of Circulatory System • Heart- a hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through

the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation. In vertebrates there may be up to four chambers (as in humans), with two atria and two ventricles.

• Blood Vessels- a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.

• Blood- the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body.

Two circuits of the cardiovascular systemPulmonary Circuit• Carries the deoxygenated blood into the

lungs

Systemic Circuit • Delivers the oxygenated blood to the tissues

Four Chambers of Heart • Atria- each of the two upper cavities of the heart

from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.

• Ventricles-  is one of two large chambers that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The atrium (an adjacent/upper heart chamber that is smaller than a ventricle) primes the pump.

Valves• that control blood flow to and from the heart

3 Main Blood Vessels •  Arteries- which carry the blood away from

the heart• Capillaries- which enable the actual

exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues

• Veins- which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart.

4 Major Components of blood • Plasma- surrounds the blood cells and helps transport C02 and

metabolic products.• Red Blood Cell- The blood cells that carry oxygen.• White Blood Cell- One of the cells the body makes to help fight

infections.• Platelets- cells that come together help the body from bleeding

Disease in Circulatory System •  Anemia is a condition that develops

when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin.

• High blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.

• Leukemia is a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow where blood cells are made. 

• Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries