Unit 2: NotesCirculatory System, Respiratory System, and Lymphatic System

Ch 23 INTRO pg. 6Find this chart on your page.

Initial Resting After Exercise Resting 5 min

Beats in 15 sec

Beats per minute

On the right side, fill in the chart with things you already know about the four sections (cardiovascular system, blood, lymphatic system, and respiratory system). Write with a pencil and you can draw pictures if you want.

(min 2)

(min 4)

(min 4)

(min 4)

Graph your results using the beats per minute.

Cardiovascular system components:

Heart

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

Heart

4 Chambers:

right atria

left atria

right ventricle

left ventricle

valves separate chambers

aorta – major artery

vena cava – major vein

pulmonary artery and vein

Animation

Youtube videos for heart and circulation

Rap

Pump Your Blood http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8LK34hoVpU&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s-1MC1hcE&feature=related

Blood Vessels3 Types of Blood Vessels:

1. Artery

2. Capillary

3. Vein

Arteries• Arteries Always carry blood Away from the heart

• Thick walls to support pressure from heart pumping

• Usually bright red due to highly oxygenated blood

• Aorta – major artery supplying body’s blood

• Coronary artery – supplies heart’s blood

• Carotid artery – supplies brain’s blood

• Pulmonary artery – supplies lung’s blood (low O2 – darker)

Veins• Always take blood towards the heart

• Thinner than arteries

• Darker color due to less oxygenated blood

• Vena Cava – major vein returning body’s blood

• Jugular vein – vein returning brain’s blood

• Pulmonary vein – returning lung’s blood (high O2 – bright)

Capillaries• Smallest of all blood vessels – single file

• Where the diffusion of gases and other molecules takes place (things entering and leaving your blood)

• No cell in your body is more than 3 or 4 cells away from a capillary

Blood Flow• Pulmonary Circulation – heart to lungs and back

• Systemic Circulation – heart to rest of body and back

Atherosclerosis When cholesterol builds up in the walls of blood vessels and restricts blood flow

Blood Pressure (hypertension) (hypotension)

Systolic – pressure in arteries when ventricles contract

Diastolic – pressure in arteries when ventricles relax

When it is too high, blood vessels can be damaged or rupture (aneurysm). Stroke – when blood flow is cut off to brain.

Heart Attacks / Heart Failure

Heart attack - when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart is damaged. Too many cells dying could cause the heart to stop. (cardiac arrest)

Heart failure – not enough blood being pumped to the body. Important organs may suffer or stop working.

http://www.bhf.org.uk/cbhf/games/heart_op/

http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/heart.htm

Heart Surgery

Blood3 Functions:• __________ sends

nutrients and oxygen throughout your body

• __________ protects your body against antigens

• __________ clots to stop bleeding after a cut or bruise

Transport

Immunity

Healing

1% WBC and platelets

44% RBC

55% Plasma – mostly water

Brain Pop

aorta

right ventricle

pulmonary artery

oxygen

pulmonary vein

left atrium

left ventricle

Capillaries of the body

Vena cava

Carbon dioxide

Plasma

• Liquid

• Mostly _________

• Functions:– Transport

– Carries hormones and wastes

– Makes up 55% of the blood

H2O

Red Blood Cells (____________)

• Most numerous

• Formed in the bone marrow

• Functions: – Carries oxygen and nutrients to body and

waste back

– Filled with the protein hemoglobin, which contains iron (makes your blood red, like rust)

erythrocytes

White Blood Cells (____________)

• Larger than RBC’s

• Immunity

• Functions:– Fight off invading organisms (pathogens)

– Release antibodies to help identify pathogens

– Destroy damaged/infected cells

leukocytes

Platelets

• Small pieces of cells from bone marrow

• Functions:– Healing

– Collect around cuts and produce fibrin to make a net to stop bleeding

Blood Type

• Every person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Your blood type refers to the type of antigens you have on the surface of your RBCs.

• Antigens – the markers that identify what kind of blood you have.

• Antibodies – the markers that look for foreign blood types to attack.

Brain Pop

• Transfusion – replacing your blood with someone else’s due to blood loss during surgery or an injury.

Type Can receive Can donate to

A A, O A, AB

B B, O B, AB

AB all AB only

O O all

Lymphatic System

Glue the body outline into your science log. Use the textbook page 617 as a guide to draw and label the lymphatic system.

Brain Pop

ThymusLymph nodesLymphatic vesselsSpleenTonsil

Lymphatic System

• Like another circulatory system

• Group of tissues and organs that collects excess fluid and returns it to your blood

• Helps fight pathogens

Brain Pop

• Lymph capillaries – absorb fluid and small particles (dead cells/pathogens) near cells

• Lymphatic vessels carry this lymph back towards your neck where it drains into veins of the cardiovascular system

• Lymph nodes – small bean shaped masses of tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph– Lymphocytes are types of WBC’s that fill

lymph nodes and attack pathogens

• Lymph nodes get swollen when you have an infection. Why???

• Thymus – gland that makes T cells ready to fight

• Spleen – soft and spongy organ that – produces lymphocytes– recycles old/damaged RBC’s

• Tonsils – tissue that stores WBC’s and fights infections

Respiration vs. Breathing

• Respiration – obtaining and using O2 and getting rid of CO2 and H2O

• Breathing – inhaling and exhaling

pharynx

lung

trachea

diaphragm

vocal cords

larynx

bronchus

bronchiole

alveoli

Gas Exchange

Breathing

B

C

D

EF

G

A H

I

A

D

A

F

H

G

E

D

C

B