removal of small-sized space debris by institut für laser ...€¦ · wissen für morgen knowledge...

Wissen für Morgen

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Institut für Technische Physik

Laser Thermal Removal Simulation Simulation results for single pulse irradiation: nHelix laser upscaling: 𝐸𝐿 = 20 𝑘𝐽, 𝑀2 = 2, 𝐷𝑇𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 8 𝑚, 𝑆𝑡𝑟 = 0.4, 𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑡 = 70 𝑐𝑚

Target: Al plate 2 x 2 x 0.1 cm, arb. orientation Monte Carlo: 0.42 µrad pointing, 10000 samples

• Large momentum scatter • Single pulse collision avoidance

Simulation of multi-pulse irradiation: Parameters as above; supplementarily: 𝑇0 = 327.8 239.4 𝐾 (dusk/dawn), 𝜀 = 0.09, up to 1000 samples each.

• Pulse limitation due to laser heating • Multi-pass engagements mandatory Future Research Issues

• Accumulation of heat and stress • Remote material reconnaissance • Remote temperature monitoring

Removal of Small-Sized Space Debris by Laser-Ablative Momentum Generation Stefan Scharring, Raoul-Amadeus Lorbeer, Michael Zwilich, Miroslav Zabic, Lukas Eisert, Daniel Hampf, Jascha Wilken, Dennis Schumacher, Markus Roth, and Hans-Albert Eckel

© USAF

True-Scale Experimental Proof Top: Experimental Setup Bottom: Dropping mechanism. Abbreviations: VAC: vacuum chamber, DM: dropping mechanism, P: periscope, L: Lens, LED: LED-lamp, HAL: halogen lamp, HSM: high-speed camera monochrome, HSC: high-speed camera color, BPC: beam profiling camera, LB: Laser beam, M: mirror, TSC: PTFE screen, HM: holding magnet, T: target, BP: burn pattern foil, PS: pressure spring, DA: dropping arm, HS: holding springs

• cm-sized targets (∅𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 < ∅𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑡)

• Laser pulse energy: 𝐸𝐿 = 80 𝐽 • IR laser: 𝜆 = 1064 𝑛𝑚, 𝜏 = 10 𝑛𝑠 • Stereoscopic 3D-tracking, ∆𝑡 = 1 𝑚𝑠 • Vacuum (< 2 Pa), free fall (µ-G) Experimental Results Object velocity changes ∆𝑣 after laser irradiation. Simulation results are indicated as point clouds.

• Large area to mass high ∆𝑣 • 1-pulse ∆𝑣 ≫ 10 𝑐𝑚 𝑠 • Momentum direction sensitive to

target orientation and position

Concept

• Surface ablation by laser pulses Recoil on debris target Perigee lowering Burn-up in atmosphere

• Targeted debris size: 1...10 cm

Ablative Recoil Measurements

Operational Safety Analysis

• Local exclusion zone at laser site • No-fly zone • Radar control • Reconcilement with air-traffic control

and space agencies

GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung

Fluence [J/cm²]

(Laser pulse energy aerial density)

Mo

me

ntu

m c

ou

plin

g c

oe

ffic

ien

t c

m

[µN

s/J

]

(Mo

me

ntu

m p

er

lase

r p

uls

e e

ne

rgy) 25

20

15

10

5

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Solar cell Aluminum Polyimide

Laser parameters

Pulse energy: max. 3 mJ

Pulse duration: 8 ns

Wavelength: 1064 nm

Beam diameter: 0.7 mm

Laser parameters

Pulse energy: 10 kJ

Pulse duration: 1 - 10 ns

Wavelength: 1064 nm

Beam diameter: 5 m

Metal damage threshold

Skin: Max. permissible exposure (MPE)

MPE Human eye

MPE Human eye with binoculars

Direct irradiation / reflection

Diffuse reflection

Atmospheric scatter

Hazard

Flu

en

ce

𝜱 [

J/c

m²]

Distance 𝒛 [km]

Momentum Predictability and Heat Accumulation

Optical Engineering 2018

True-scale Experiment

Scientific Reports 2018

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Scientific Reports 2018