reading assignment: chapter 4 blood & circulation end

Reading Assignment:Chapter 4 Blood & Circulation

end

Evolution of Gnathostomes

endDunklesoteus

Cen

ozoi

cM

esoz

oic

65

Pal

eozo

ic

248

590

mya PeriodsEra

Permian

Cretaceous

Quaternary

Cambrian505

Ordovician

438Silurian

408

Devonian

360Carboniferous

286

Triassic213

Jurassic144

Tertiary

2

ostr

acod

erm

s

origin

Myxini

?

Ceph.

plac

oder

ms

Ela

smob

ranc

hii

Ho l

oce p

h al i

Aca

ntho

dii

Cho

ndro

stei

shar

ks

skat

esra

ys

gar

bow

fin

Teleostei

Chondrichthyes Actinoptergii

Sarcopterygii

lung

fish

coel

acan

th

amphibians

ostracoderm

placoderm

placoderm

placoderm

end

end

• Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless

• Notochord

• No appendicular skeleton

Myxini--hagfishes

end

Cephalaspidomorphi-lampreys

• Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless

• cartilaginous vertebrae, no centra

• No appendicular skeleton

end

Placodermi-placoderms first jaws• Skull--first jawed fishes; bony tooth plates

end

Chondrichthyes-sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes

• Skull--cartilaginous; jaws protrusible, first true teeth

• cartilaginous vertebrate with centra

• Pelvic and pectoral fins well developedend

Actinopterygii--ray-finned fishes

puffer

• Skull--cartilaginous or bony; jaws with teeth; jaws variable

• cartilaginous or bony vertebral column with centra

• pelvic and pectoral fins well developed

end

gut

cranium

mouth

Evolution of the jaw

Primitive jawless stagevisceral cartilages 8-9 arches

gill slits

end

hypothetical placoderm

jaw

mandibular arch

end

chondirchthyian

hyoid archspiracle

end

Osteichthyian skull --5 elements

1. neurocranium

2. jaw

4. Branchiohyoidapparatus

3. suspensorium

5. Opercularbones

end

Respiration:

end

Blood Circulation:

heart

Gill

filamentsGill

rakers

end

Oxygen transfer:

gill arch

bone

gill filaments

water

gill lamellae

Fig. 3.1end

Factors affecting oxygen diffusion?

• concentration gradient

• distance

• surface area

end

Gill data:

end

memb.thickness

surfacearea

mm2 /g

number oflamellae/mm

icefish 35 m 8

mackerel 5 32

bullhead 50

tuna 1500-3000

Gill Ventilation: Two-stage pump

bodyBuccal cavity

Opercular flapOpercular cavity

Oral valve

end

Function of Respiratory Pump

1. Floor of buccal cavity drops vol.

operculum moves out vol.

2. floor of buccal cavity rises vol. operculum moves in vol.

end

Gill Ventilation: buccal pump

See Fig. 3.5end

open

Gill Ventilation: buccal pump

volume

oral valve

end

Gill Ventilation: buccal pump

closed

volume

oral valve

end

open

Gill Ventilation: buccal pump

volume

oral valve

endside view

closed

Gill Ventilation: buccal pump

volume

oral valve

endside view

open

open

Gill Ventilation: buccal pump

closed

volume

end

Gill Ventilation: buccal pump

volume

closed

oral valve

end

Gill Ventilation: opercular pump

end

Gill Ventilation: opercular pump

end

Gill Ventilation: opercular pump

end

end

outside buccal opercular outside

0 - - - 0

0 + + + 0

outside buccal opercular outside

0 - - - 0

0 + + + 0

Water Pressure:

end

• End

Print next slide for student note-taking

Do not show this slide or next

65

248

590

mya PeriodsEra

?

Cen

ozoi

cM

esoz

oic

65

Pal

eozo

ic

248

590

mya PeriodsEra

Permian

Cretaceous

Quaternary

Cambrian505

Ordovician

438Silurian

408

Devonian

360Carboniferous

286

Triassic213

Jurassic144

Tertiary

2

ostr

acod

erm

s

origin

Myxini

?

Ceph.

plac

oder

ms

Ela

smob

ranc

hii

Ho l

oce p

h al i

Aca

ntho

dii

Cho

ndro

stei

shar

ks

skat

esra

ys

gar

bow

fin

Teleostei

Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

Actinopterygii

Sarcopterygii

lung

fish

coel

acan

th

amphibians

ostracoderm

placoderm

placoderm

placoderm

Grand Forks

Inkster

Ardoch

Manvel

Forest River

Hw

y 18

Hwy 1 to Johnstown

I29

Hw

y 18

UND Biol. Area

0.5

mi

3 mi

tree line

Turn right on gravel road

just past tree line, go north

for 0.5 mi, turn right on

two-track road just before

Farm house, pass ravine

on left and turn left following

Ravine on the left, stop by chain

link fence compound.

stop here

farm house

I29

Hwy 81