reading assignment: chapter 4 blood & circulation end
TRANSCRIPT
Reading Assignment:Chapter 4 Blood & Circulation
end
Evolution of Gnathostomes
endDunklesoteus
Cen
ozoi
cM
esoz
oic
65
Pal
eozo
ic
248
590
mya PeriodsEra
Permian
Cretaceous
Quaternary
Cambrian505
Ordovician
438Silurian
408
Devonian
360Carboniferous
286
Triassic213
Jurassic144
Tertiary
2
ostr
acod
erm
s
origin
Myxini
?
Ceph.
plac
oder
ms
Ela
smob
ranc
hii
Ho l
oce p
h al i
Aca
ntho
dii
Cho
ndro
stei
shar
ks
skat
esra
ys
gar
bow
fin
Teleostei
Chondrichthyes Actinoptergii
Sarcopterygii
lung
fish
coel
acan
th
amphibians
ostracoderm
placoderm
placoderm
placoderm
end
end
• Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless
• Notochord
• No appendicular skeleton
Myxini--hagfishes
end
Cephalaspidomorphi-lampreys
• Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless
• cartilaginous vertebrae, no centra
• No appendicular skeleton
end
Placodermi-placoderms first jaws• Skull--first jawed fishes; bony tooth plates
end
Chondrichthyes-sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes
• Skull--cartilaginous; jaws protrusible, first true teeth
• cartilaginous vertebrate with centra
• Pelvic and pectoral fins well developedend
Actinopterygii--ray-finned fishes
puffer
• Skull--cartilaginous or bony; jaws with teeth; jaws variable
• cartilaginous or bony vertebral column with centra
• pelvic and pectoral fins well developed
end
gut
cranium
mouth
Evolution of the jaw
Primitive jawless stagevisceral cartilages 8-9 arches
gill slits
end
hypothetical placoderm
jaw
mandibular arch
end
chondirchthyian
hyoid archspiracle
end
Osteichthyian skull --5 elements
1. neurocranium
2. jaw
4. Branchiohyoidapparatus
3. suspensorium
5. Opercularbones
end
Respiration:
end
Blood Circulation:
heart
Gill
filamentsGill
rakers
end
Oxygen transfer:
gill arch
bone
gill filaments
water
gill lamellae
Fig. 3.1end
Factors affecting oxygen diffusion?
• concentration gradient
• distance
• surface area
end
Gill data:
end
memb.thickness
surfacearea
mm2 /g
number oflamellae/mm
icefish 35 m 8
mackerel 5 32
bullhead 50
tuna 1500-3000
Gill Ventilation: Two-stage pump
bodyBuccal cavity
Opercular flapOpercular cavity
Oral valve
end
Function of Respiratory Pump
1. Floor of buccal cavity drops vol.
operculum moves out vol.
2. floor of buccal cavity rises vol. operculum moves in vol.
end
Gill Ventilation: buccal pump
See Fig. 3.5end
open
Gill Ventilation: buccal pump
volume
oral valve
end
Gill Ventilation: buccal pump
closed
volume
oral valve
end
open
Gill Ventilation: buccal pump
volume
oral valve
endside view
closed
Gill Ventilation: buccal pump
volume
oral valve
endside view
open
open
Gill Ventilation: buccal pump
closed
volume
end
Gill Ventilation: buccal pump
volume
closed
oral valve
end
Gill Ventilation: opercular pump
end
Gill Ventilation: opercular pump
end
Gill Ventilation: opercular pump
end
end
outside buccal opercular outside
0 - - - 0
0 + + + 0
outside buccal opercular outside
0 - - - 0
0 + + + 0
Water Pressure:
end
• End
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65
248
590
mya PeriodsEra
?
Cen
ozoi
cM
esoz
oic
65
Pal
eozo
ic
248
590
mya PeriodsEra
Permian
Cretaceous
Quaternary
Cambrian505
Ordovician
438Silurian
408
Devonian
360Carboniferous
286
Triassic213
Jurassic144
Tertiary
2
ostr
acod
erm
s
origin
Myxini
?
Ceph.
plac
oder
ms
Ela
smob
ranc
hii
Ho l
oce p
h al i
Aca
ntho
dii
Cho
ndro
stei
shar
ks
skat
esra
ys
gar
bow
fin
Teleostei
Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
Actinopterygii
Sarcopterygii
lung
fish
coel
acan
th
amphibians
ostracoderm
placoderm
placoderm
placoderm
Grand Forks
Inkster
Ardoch
Manvel
Forest River
Hw
y 18
Hwy 1 to Johnstown
I29
Hw
y 18
UND Biol. Area
0.5
mi
3 mi
tree line
Turn right on gravel road
just past tree line, go north
for 0.5 mi, turn right on
two-track road just before
Farm house, pass ravine
on left and turn left following
Ravine on the left, stop by chain
link fence compound.
stop here
farm house
I29
Hwy 81