rast and cbc
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7/31/2019 RAST and CBC
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Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Name:____________________________________________________________
Year and Section:___________________________________________________
Date:_____________
Complete Blood Count
A complete blood count includes enumeration of the cellular elements of the blood, evaluation
of red blood cell indices and determination of cell morphology by means of stained smears. Counting is
performed automated electronic devices capable of rapid analysis of blood samples with a
measurement error of less than 2 percent.
Purpose:
It is used to evaluate:
Suspected hematologic disorder, neoplasm, or immunologic abnormality
History of suspected hereditary hematologic abnormality
Suspected infection
Monitoring effects of physical or emotional stress
Monitoring desired responses to drug therapy and undesired reactions to drugs that
may cause blood dyscrasias
Monitoring progression of nonhematologic disorders such as chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, malabsorption syndromes, malignancies, and renal disease
Materials needed:
Tourniquet
Skin disinfectant
Gauze pads or cotton balls
Materials for labeling
Syringe and needle1 or vacuumized tube
with a lavender or purple cover2, holder
and needle1
Bandage
1A gauge 20 needle is usually used to prevent damage to blood cells but a gauge 21 to 23 may also be
used depending on the client’s age, vein size and the size of the vacuumized tube
2indicates that the anticoagulant used is ethlyenediaminetetraacetic acid
Steps Performed Remarks
Yes No
1. Introduce yourself to the patient.
2. Confirm the identity of the patient using two patient
identifiers according to hospital policy.
3. Explain to the patient:
The complete blood count evaluates the number of
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red blood cells which detects possible blood
disorders and white blood cells to detect infection or
inflammation.
Tell him/her that a blood sample will be taken and a
slight discomfort may be felt from the tourniquet and
the needle puncture.
4. Place the patient in a position of comfort and safety, either
lying or sitting down. A pillow may be placed to improve
positioning of the extremity or to promote comfort.
5. Apply the tourniquet 1 to 1.5 in above the site to be used.
Check the pulse – if absent reapply tourniquet.
The tourniquet should not be kept in place for more than 1
minute prior to the venepuncture and for more than 2-3
minutes for the entire procedure.
6. If a vein in the arm is to be used, ask the patient to open and
close the hand a few times and then to clench the fist.
7. If the puncture cannot be made within a minute, remove and
reapply the tourniquet when the site is definitely located.
8. Cleanse the skin with an antiseptic such as povidone-iodine or
70% alcohol and is allowed to dry.
9. Insert the needle approximately ½ in below the point where
the needle is expected to enter the vein.
If the needle is smaller than the vein, insert with
bevel up at a 15 to 45 degree angle through the skin
If the needle is larger than the vein, insert with bevel
up and almost parallel to the skin.
10. For a vacuumized tube, the tube is pushed into the holder
until the rubber stopper is punctured and blood flows into it.
11. If the syringe is to be used, pull back on the plunger until thedesired amount of blood is obtained. The blood is transferred
to a tube with EDTA as its additive.
12. Release the tourniquet and ask the client to unclench the fist.
13. Remove the needle and pressure is applied to the puncture
site with a gauze pad or cottonball. Maintain pressure for 3
minutes to prevent hematoma formation.
14. If the puncture site is on the dorsum of the hand, the hand is
elevated while pressure is applied. Pressure is maintained
until bleeding has stopped.
15. Label the sample with the patient’s name and other required
identifying information and sent promptly to the laboratory.
Reference: Nurse’s Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests by Watson and Jaffe page 18 and 955
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Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Name:____________________________________________________________
Year and Section:___________________________________________________
Date:_____________
Radioallergosorbent Test
This test measures immunoglobulin E antibodies in serum by radioimmunoassay and identifies
specific allergens that cause rash, asthma, hay fever, drug reactions and other atopic complaints. It is
easier to perform and has less pain and danger than skin testing.
Purpose:
It is used:
To identify allergens to which the patient has an immediate hypersensitivity.
Materials needed:
Tourniquet
Skin disinfectant
Gauze pads or cotton balls
Materials for labeling
Syringe and needle1 or vacuumized tube
with a lavender or purple cover2, holder
and needle1
Bandage
Steps Performed Remarks
Yes No
1. Introduce yourself to the patient.
2. Confirm the identity of the patient using two patient
identifiers according to hospital policy.
3. Explain to the patient:
a. The test may detect the cause of allergy or monitor
the effects of allergy treatment
b. Inform the patient that he/she need not to restrict
food and fluids.
c. Tell him/her that a blood sample will be taken and a
slight discomfort may be felt from the tourniquet and
the needle puncture.4. If the patient is to receive a radioactive scan, make sure that
the blood sample is collected before the scan.
Venipuncture
5. Place the patient in a position of comfort and safety, either
lying or sitting down. A pillow may be placed to improve
positioning of the extremity or to promote comfort.
6. Apply the tourniquet 1 to 1.5 in above the site to be used.
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Check the pulse – if absent reapply tourniquet.
7. The tourniquet should not be kept in place for more than 1
minute prior to the venepuncture and for more than 2-3
minutes for the entire procedure.
8. If a vein in the arm is to be used, ask the patient to open and
close the hand a few times and then to clench the fist.
9. If the puncture cannot be made within a minute, remove and
reapply the tourniquet when the site is definitely located.
10. Cleanse the skin with an antiseptic such as povidone-iodine or
70% alcohol and is allowed to dry.
11. Insert the needle approximately ½ in below the point where
the needle is expected to enter the vein.
a. If the needle is smaller than the vein, insert with
bevel up at a 15 to 45 degree angle through the skin
b. If the needle is larger than the vein, insert with bevel
up and almost parallel to the skin.
12. Pull back on the plunger of the syringe until the desired
amount of blood is obtained. The blood is placed in a tube
with no additives or per laboratory preference.
13. Release the tourniquet and ask the client to unclench the fist.
14. Remove the needle and pressure is applied to the puncture
site with a gauze pad or cottonball. Maintain pressure for 3
minutes to prevent hematoma formation.
15. If the puncture site is on the dorsum of the hand, the hand is
elevated while pressure is applied. Pressure is maintained
until bleeding has stopped.
16. Label the sample with the patient’s name and other required
identifying information and sent promptly to the laboratory.
17. Note on the laboratory request the specific allergens to betested.
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