rast and cbc

7/31/2019 RAST and CBC

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Ateneo de Zamboanga University

Name:____________________________________________________________

Year and Section:___________________________________________________

Date:_____________

Complete Blood Count

A complete blood count includes enumeration of the cellular elements of the blood, evaluation

of red blood cell indices and determination of cell morphology by means of stained smears. Counting is

performed automated electronic devices capable of rapid analysis of blood samples with a

measurement error of less than 2 percent.

Purpose:

It is used to evaluate:

Suspected hematologic disorder, neoplasm, or immunologic abnormality

History of suspected hereditary hematologic abnormality

Suspected infection

Monitoring effects of physical or emotional stress

Monitoring desired responses to drug therapy and undesired reactions to drugs that

may cause blood dyscrasias

Monitoring progression of nonhematologic disorders such as chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease, malabsorption syndromes, malignancies, and renal disease

Materials needed:

Tourniquet

Skin disinfectant

Gauze pads or cotton balls

Materials for labeling

Syringe and needle1 or vacuumized tube

with a lavender or purple cover2, holder

and needle1

Bandage

1A gauge 20 needle is usually used to prevent damage to blood cells but a gauge 21 to 23 may also be

used depending on the client’s age, vein size and the size of the vacuumized tube

2indicates that the anticoagulant used is ethlyenediaminetetraacetic acid

Steps Performed Remarks

Yes No

1. Introduce yourself to the patient.

2. Confirm the identity of the patient using two patient

identifiers according to hospital policy.

3. Explain to the patient:

The complete blood count evaluates the number of



red blood cells which detects possible blood

disorders and white blood cells to detect infection or

inflammation.

Tell him/her that a blood sample will be taken and a

slight discomfort may be felt from the tourniquet and

the needle puncture.

4. Place the patient in a position of comfort and safety, either

lying or sitting down. A pillow may be placed to improve

positioning of the extremity or to promote comfort.

5. Apply the tourniquet 1 to 1.5 in above the site to be used.

Check the pulse – if absent reapply tourniquet.

The tourniquet should not be kept in place for more than 1

minute prior to the venepuncture and for more than 2-3

minutes for the entire procedure.

6. If a vein in the arm is to be used, ask the patient to open and

close the hand a few times and then to clench the fist.

7. If the puncture cannot be made within a minute, remove and

reapply the tourniquet when the site is definitely located.

8. Cleanse the skin with an antiseptic such as povidone-iodine or

70% alcohol and is allowed to dry.

9. Insert the needle approximately ½ in below the point where

the needle is expected to enter the vein.

If the needle is smaller than the vein, insert with

bevel up at a 15 to 45 degree angle through the skin

If the needle is larger than the vein, insert with bevel

up and almost parallel to the skin.

10. For a vacuumized tube, the tube is pushed into the holder

until the rubber stopper is punctured and blood flows into it.

11. If the syringe is to be used, pull back on the plunger until thedesired amount of blood is obtained. The blood is transferred

to a tube with EDTA as its additive.

12. Release the tourniquet and ask the client to unclench the fist.

13. Remove the needle and pressure is applied to the puncture

site with a gauze pad or cottonball. Maintain pressure for 3

minutes to prevent hematoma formation.

14. If the puncture site is on the dorsum of the hand, the hand is

elevated while pressure is applied. Pressure is maintained

until bleeding has stopped.

15. Label the sample with the patient’s name and other required

identifying information and sent promptly to the laboratory.

Reference: Nurse’s Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests by Watson and Jaffe page 18 and 955



Ateneo de Zamboanga University

Name:____________________________________________________________

Year and Section:___________________________________________________

Date:_____________

Radioallergosorbent Test

This test measures immunoglobulin E antibodies in serum by radioimmunoassay and identifies

specific allergens that cause rash, asthma, hay fever, drug reactions and other atopic complaints. It is

easier to perform and has less pain and danger than skin testing.

Purpose:

It is used:

To identify allergens to which the patient has an immediate hypersensitivity.

Materials needed:

Tourniquet

Skin disinfectant

Gauze pads or cotton balls

Materials for labeling

Syringe and needle1 or vacuumized tube

with a lavender or purple cover2, holder

and needle1

Bandage

Steps Performed Remarks

Yes No

1. Introduce yourself to the patient.

2. Confirm the identity of the patient using two patient

identifiers according to hospital policy.

3. Explain to the patient:

a. The test may detect the cause of allergy or monitor

the effects of allergy treatment

b. Inform the patient that he/she need not to restrict

food and fluids.

c. Tell him/her that a blood sample will be taken and a

slight discomfort may be felt from the tourniquet and

the needle puncture.4. If the patient is to receive a radioactive scan, make sure that

the blood sample is collected before the scan.

Venipuncture

5. Place the patient in a position of comfort and safety, either

lying or sitting down. A pillow may be placed to improve

positioning of the extremity or to promote comfort.

6. Apply the tourniquet 1 to 1.5 in above the site to be used.



Check the pulse – if absent reapply tourniquet.

7. The tourniquet should not be kept in place for more than 1

minute prior to the venepuncture and for more than 2-3

minutes for the entire procedure.

8. If a vein in the arm is to be used, ask the patient to open and

close the hand a few times and then to clench the fist.

9. If the puncture cannot be made within a minute, remove and

reapply the tourniquet when the site is definitely located.

10. Cleanse the skin with an antiseptic such as povidone-iodine or

70% alcohol and is allowed to dry.

11. Insert the needle approximately ½ in below the point where

the needle is expected to enter the vein.

a. If the needle is smaller than the vein, insert with

bevel up at a 15 to 45 degree angle through the skin

b. If the needle is larger than the vein, insert with bevel

up and almost parallel to the skin.

12. Pull back on the plunger of the syringe until the desired

amount of blood is obtained. The blood is placed in a tube

with no additives or per laboratory preference.

13. Release the tourniquet and ask the client to unclench the fist.

14. Remove the needle and pressure is applied to the puncture

site with a gauze pad or cottonball. Maintain pressure for 3

minutes to prevent hematoma formation.

15. If the puncture site is on the dorsum of the hand, the hand is

elevated while pressure is applied. Pressure is maintained

until bleeding has stopped.

16. Label the sample with the patient’s name and other required

identifying information and sent promptly to the laboratory.

17. Note on the laboratory request the specific allergens to betested.

rast and cbc

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