raabe - use of restored habitat by migratory fishes
Post on 12-Mar-2015
19 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Use of restored habitat by migratory fishes following dam removals on North Carolina rivers
Joshua K. Raabe
Joseph E. Hightower
• Quaker Neck Dam at rkm 225
• Low-head dam, constructed in 1952
• Removed in 1998-99
Milburnie Dam(rkm 352)
Site of Quaker NeckDam (rkm 225)NC
SC
Raleigh
NeuseRiver
VA
0 20 40 KilometersN
NEUSE RIVER
FISH SPECIES
• American shad:
• Anadromous
• Focus of restoration efforts
• Striped bass:
• Anadromous
• Important fisheries
Alosa sapidissima
Morone saxatilis
PRE-DAM REMOVAL
Striped bass American shad
POST-DAM REMOVAL
Striped bass American shad
Milburnie
Dam
Former QuakerNeck Dam
Raleigh
Raleigh
New Bern
New Bern
2000: Higher Flow Year
Lower Flow Year
1999:
RIVER DISCHARGE:STRIPED BASS MIGRATIONS
DamNeuse River SiteTributary Site
Raleigh
Goldsboro
Milburnie Dam
Former Quaker Neck Dam
ContentneaCreek
Swift Creek
CrabtreeCreek
Mill Creek
Little River
Pamlico Sound
PLANKTON SAMPLING:NEUSE RIVER & TRIB’S
AMERICAN SHAD
Eggs & Larvae
Quaker Neck Dam
Former Quaker
Neck Dam
Former Quaker
Neck Dam
Hawkins
1977 - 1979
Burdick & Hightower
2003
Burdick & Hightower
2004
PresentAbsent
STRIPED BASS
Eggs & Larvae
Quaker Neck Dam
Former Quaker
Neck Dam
Former Quaker
Neck Dam
Hawkins
1977 - 1979
Burdick & Hightower
2003
Burdick & Hightower
2004
PresentAbsent
2003
2004
RIVER DISCHARGE:AMERICAN SHAD DISTRIBUTION
RIVER DISCHARGE:STRIPED BASS DISTRIBUTION
2003
2004
Quaker Neck Dam removal:
• Immediate response to restored habitat
• Upper river habitats important for spawning
• Seasonal flows affect use of restored habitat
NEUSE RIVER CONCLUSIONS
LITTLE RIVER
Neuse River tributary:
• Confluence ~ 212 rkm from
Pamlico Sound, NC
Low-head dam history:
• Three removals since 1998
• One notched dam
• Upstream dams present
Research amenable:
• Coverage (~80 rkm)
• Relatively narrow & shallow
Water Treatment Plant (notched, rkm 7)
Cherry Hospital (1998, rkm 3)
Rains Mill (1999, rkm 37)
Lowell Mill (2005, rkm 56)
Atkinson Mill (Present, rkm 82)
Little River
BuffaloCreek
Neuse River
FISH SPECIES
• American shad:
• Anadromous
• Focus of restoration efforts
• Gizzard shad:
• Potamodromous
• Migration patterns unstudied
• Flathead catfish:
• Potamodromous
• Invasive top predator
Alosa sapidissima
Dorosoma cepedianum
Pylodictis olivaris
FISH WEIR
• Resistance board weir panels:
� Sustain higher flows, clear debris
DS Cage
US Cage
Picket
• Tagging site
43 m wide
Flow
PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER
• PIT tags:
� Small (32 x 4 mm)
� Long-term
� Low cost
• Antennas record tagged fish:
� PIT tag ID, date & time
• Antenna dimensions:
� 1.4 m x 10.0 m (narrowest)
� 0.9 m x 22.0 m (widest)
GEAR LOCATIONS
Fish weirCherry Hospital (1998, rkm 3)
Rains Mill (1999, rkm 37)
Lowell Mill (2005, rkm 56)
Atkinson Mill (Present, rkm 82)
Water Treatment Plant (notched, rkm 7)
Little River
BuffaloCreek
Neuse River
PIT antenna
NOTCHED DAM
• Located 7 rkm from confluence
• Notched 1 m in height along middle
• Antennas: downstream, across, and
upstream
MIGRATIONS
American shad
gizzard shad
flathead catfish
Date (2010)
Num
ber
of fish
upstream
downstream
MIGRATIONS: FLOW
American shad gizzard shad flathead catfish
flow
Date (2010)
Num
ber
of fish
Flo
w (m
3/sec)
MIGRATIONS: FLOW
Date (2010)
Flo
w (m
3/sec)
Num
ber
of fish
Forest Service Antenna (12 rkm)
N=521
RESTORED HABITAT USE
Percent
An
ten
na
lo
ca
tio
n (
rkm
)
Notched
Removed
Removed
Present
Removed
Dam status:
RESTORED HABITAT USE
Percent
An
ten
na
lo
ca
tio
n (
rkm
)
2009 (N = 195) 2010 (N = 439)
Notched
Removed
Removed
Present
Removed
Dam status:American shad
RESTORED HABITAT USE
Cherry (3 rkm)
Rains(36 rkm)
Lowell(56 rkm)
Atkinson(82 rkm)
American shad
100% 26 – 39% 24 – 31% 8 – 15%
Gizzard shad
100% 49% 45 – 49% 31 – 45%
Flathead catfish
100% 4 – 16% 4 – 11% 0 – 4%
RESTORED HABITAT USE
Cherry (3 rkm)
Rains(36 rkm)
Lowell(56 rkm)
Atkinson(82 rkm)
American shad
100% 26 – 39% 24 – 31% 8 – 15%
Gizzard shad
100% 49% 45 – 49% 31 – 45%
Flathead catfish
100% 4 – 16% 4 – 11% 0 – 4%
RESTORED HABITAT USE
Date (2010)
Flo
w (m
3/sec)
Cherry
3 rkm
Atkinson
82 rkm
Rains
36 rkm
Lowell
56 rkm
gizzard shad, male, 350 mm
RESTORED HABITAT USE
Cherry (3 rkm)
Rains(36 rkm)
Lowell(56 rkm)
Atkinson(82 rkm)
American shad
100% 26 – 39% 24 – 31% 8 – 15%
Gizzard shad
100% 49% 45 – 49% 31 – 45%
Flathead catfish
100% 4 – 16% 4 – 11% 0 – 4%
NOTCHED DAM PASSAGE
Successful Passage
Mean Delay (days)
Delay Range (days)
American shad
64 - 77% 1.3 – 3.4 <0.1 – 26.6
Gizzard shad
82% 2.7 - 5.8 <0.1 - 37.6
Flathead catfish
72 – 75% 1.3 – 5.3 <0.1 – 63.0
NOTCHED DAM PASSAGE
Successful Passage
Mean Delay (days)
Delay Range (days)
American shad
74 - 77% 1.3 – 3.4 <0.1 – 26.6
Gizzard shad
82% 2.7 - 5.8 <0.1 - 37.6
Flathead catfish
72 – 75% 1.3 – 5.3 <0.1 – 63.0
NOTCHED DAM PASSAGE
Date (2009)
Flo
w (m
3/s
ec)
WR, 3 rkmDND, 7 rkm
ND, 7 rkm
OD, 77 rkm
SH, 72 rkm
LO, 56 rkm
FS, 12 rkm
American shad,
female, 470 mm
NOTCHED DAM PASSAGE
Date (2009)
Flo
w (m
3/s
ec)
WR, 3 rkmDND, 7 rkm
ND, 7 rkm
OD, 77 rkm
SH, 72 rkm
LO, 56 rkm
FS, 12 rkm
American shad,
male, 458 mm
NOTCHED DAM PASSAGE
Successful Passage
Mean Delay (days)
Delay Range (days)
American shad
74 - 77% 1.3 – 3.4 <0.1 – 26.6
Gizzard shad
82% 2.7 - 5.8 <0.1 - 37.6
Flathead catfish
72 – 75% 1.3 – 5.3 <0.1 – 63.0
NOTCHED DAM PASSAGE
Successful Passage
Mean Delay (days)
Delay Range (days)
American shad
74 - 77% 1.3 – 3.4 <0.1 – 26.6
Gizzard shad
82% 2.7 - 5.8 <0.1 - 37.6
Flathead catfish
72 – 75% 1.3 – 5.3 <0.1 – 63.0
FLATHEAD CATFISH
• Predation on American shad (AS):
� Physical captures with PIT tag from AS (N =
3)
� Visual observation (N = 1)
LITTLE RIVER CONCLUSIONS
• Resistance board weir & PIT antennas:
� Very effective for low to moderate flows
• Restored habitat is being utilized
• Flow strongly influences migration / habitat use
• Notched dam can impede / delay migrations
• Flathead catfish predation & numbers a concern
D. Danesi
top related