p.v. panel wind load effects n ovember 2010 arman hemmati, brady zaiser, chaneel park, jeff symons,...
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P.V. PANEL WIND LOAD EFFECTS
NOVEMBER 2010
Arman Hemmati , Brady Zaiser, Chaneel Park, Jeff Symons, Katie Olver
Design Review #1
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Overview
• Introduction (Katie)
• Objectives (Brady)
• Wind Tunnel Tests (Jeff)
• Computational Analysis (Arman)
• What’s Next (Chaneel)
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Introduction - DIY Frames at ENMAX
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Introduction – Renusol ConSole
- Plastic Mounting System
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Introduction – Problem
• Most efficient sun capture at 51°
• Higher angle means greater aerodynamic forces
• More ballast required to hold the panel down
• Too much weight for the roof?
• Want to better understand wind loads on PV panels:
▫ Wind Tunnel Testing▫ Computational (CFD) Analysis
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Objectives – Project Overview
1. Determine amount of ballast required
2. Determine downward force induced by wind▫ Total load on roof is sum of 1. and 2.
3. Determine total load for two different frames▫ How to minimize load?
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Objectives – Functional Requirements
1. Effect of Wind Speed▫ Proportional, or…?
2. Effect of Panel Tilt ▫ Preferred angle is 51°
3. Effect of Wind Direction▫ Front or back
4. Proximity of Panel to the Ground▫ Should reduce drag to a point
5. Repeat for Second Frame Design
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Wind Tunnel – Facility Specifications
• Environmental Wind Tunnel▫ Located in Engineering Building
• Size and dimensions of the Wind Tunnel▫ Required to correctly design the scaled down model
• Full capability of the Wind Tunnel▫ Necessary to determine the reasonable testing wind
speed.
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Wind Tunnel – Model Scaling/Building
1. Constructing a suitable model (6 linear panel array)▫ The size of the model must correspond to the
dimensions of the wind tunnel▫ What material should be used as a PV panel substitute▫ Require a base frame for the model to rest upon
2. Methods for analyzing the force on the panel▫ Force Receiving Base▫ Pressure Distribution is not a concern▫ Force transducers or load cells considered
(although potentially expensive)
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Wind Tunnel – Testing (conceptual)
1. Height of the panel from the roof (Frame Bottom Opening)▫ Least Loads: Test the model at various heights
2. Variation of wind speed▫ Wind Speed Effect: The relationship between wind
speed, drag/lift forces, and additional load on the roof
3. Wind angle of attack▫ Flexible Model: The model is angled to represent
varying wind angle of attack▫ Methods for model force Analysis
▫ Methods for model force Analysis
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Computational – Software Packages
• ANSYS CFX▫ Employing Finite Element Method (FEM)▫ Best in Single Physics Modeling ▫ Mostly used for modeling of Solids▫ University of Calgary Licensing
• Comsol Multiphysics▫ Works on basis of FEM▫ Multi-physical modeling▫ Best suited for modeling of Fluids, Stationary Solids▫ Shell Canada Licensing
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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Computational – 2D vs. 3D Modeling
Courtesy of COMSOL Multiphysics
1. Two-Dimensional (2D) Models▫ Easier to develop, evaluate, and understand▫ Typically the start of an analysis▫ Provides a general overview to the forces expected in the
wind tunnel
2. Three-Dimensional (3D) Models▫ More Difficult to set-up, and develop▫ More powerful computers required▫ More realistic model of the actual phenomena▫ Typically used to compare to the wind tunnel testing
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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What’s Next – Conclusion
1. Current Stage in the Design Process▫ Direction is set, details required
2. Plan on Wind Tunnel Test▫ Model design details▫ Method of measurement: Literature research
3. Plan on CFD▫ Program and computer availability▫ Importing CAD model
4. Revised Frame Design▫ Only if current design fails
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
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References
• Renusol ConSole Manual 9/2009
• COMSOL Multiphysics Website
• ANSYS Website
NOVEMBER - 2010Design Review #1: DeLoPREC
www.ucalgary.ca/deloprec
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