psicologia del espacio
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Lecture Threethe psychology of space
1DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
Tim Stock
School of Design StrategiesParsons the New School for Design
Design Research Methods
Fall 2009
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
humans desire space...
how a culture values space reflects identity and beliefs.
our concepts of what is “livable” is shaped by our culture.
IMAGE: Flickr /ubac
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
IMAGE: Flickr /GarySmith70
how we plan space is less about building than it is reshaping the behavior that the space affords.
behavior shapes the meaning...
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IMAGE: Flickr /edenpictures
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
“My needs are most important.”
“I am part of a bigger story.”
our sense of space is tied to our sense of self...
meaning evolves from our sense of self...
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
“I belong to the land.”
how we plan begins with our sense of our position to the spaces we inhabit.
perspectives of ownership...
IMAGE: © Barry Skipsey
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
our aspirations are shaped by the limits of our existing vocabulary.
what kind of cities do we aspire to?
IMAGE: Flickr /caruba
more parksplaces to hang out
cool shops
locally grown foods
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
if you plan a city around cars… you get more cars.
needs drive what is important...
the question is who we are listening to...
IMAGE: Flickr /Kevin Coles
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
features work based on our perspective on needs.
parking lots
IMAGE: Flickr /dandeluca
public parks
IMAGE: Flickr /twinxamot
NEEDSdon’t live here live here
convenience oasis
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IMAGE: Flickr /GarySmith70
gut
emotional
rational safe
clean
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
pecking orderrelevance
badgefidelity
belonging
reinforcement
functionality
People choose spaces based on...
Features
Constituents
Needs
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
the process of effective space planning comes from feeding the most beneficial features to the right people.
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public space
social space
personal space
intimatespace
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
proxemics is tied to our sense of self...
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
for embracing, touching or whispering
for interactions among good friends or family members
for interactions among acquaintances
used for public speakingrationalemotional
gut
how we interact with the spaces around us is a vocabulary cultivated from birth.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
The concept of personal space is an invisible and undefined three-dimensional area surrounding an individual which, when invaded, causes sensations of nervousness, discomfort and/or embarrassment.
War of the Worlds (2005)
rationalspace offers safety..... our sense of what creates uneasiness varies.
“You’re safe in your space”
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
IMAGE: Flickr /gustty
surrender of personal space tests our concept of necessity...
rational
“When is this over?”
spatial empathy hinges on how much activities such as this are woven into the daily fabric.
public transportation tests the struggle between our rational and emotional mind.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
IMAGE: Flickr /doortoriver
rational
“Is it safe in there?”
“Can I touch that?”
surrender of personal space tests our concept of necessity...
public bathrooms force us to reflect on what standards of cleanliness and privacy we expect.
we rewire our body mechanics to mitigate the proximity to the stuff we fear.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
...our sense of self in relation to society.
own rented subsidized
emotional
IMAGE: Flickr /thomas.merton
white picket fence as symbol of the boundaries of ownership and suburban middle-class status.
home is at the core of our emotional identity.
...our sense of aspiration and ideology.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
The Polite British Queue
IMAGE: Flickr /SophieMuc
emotionalqueues reinforce our sense of identity in relation to society.
The Russian Bread Line
The Line Jumper
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
IMAGE: Flickr /mdezemery
emotionalqueues reveal the underlying cultural context.
monochronic cultures value orderliness and sense a focus on one task at a time.
“respect the line”
polychronic cultures like to do multiple things at the same time.
“screw the line”
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
emotionalqueues can work as critical catalysts in reshaping cultural norms.
IMAGE: Flickr /financeguy 高志傑
When McDonald’s first opened in Hong Kong in 1975, customers crowded around the cash registers, shouting orders and waving money over the heads of people in front of them. McDonald’s responded by introducing queue monitors—young women who channeled customers into orderly lines. Queuing subsequently became a hallmark of Hong Kong’s cosmopolitan, middle-class culture.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
the economics of space.
emotionalqueues can also reinforce behavior that agitates a sense of fairness.
“I’m more important.....I go first”
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IMAGE: Print Advertisement
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
emotionalThis behavior spills over into other bigger issues where our identity in relationship to society is tested.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
“I am not a number”
IMAGE: Flickr /Stewf
we try to impose our own identity on borrowed spaces to regain power we see being taken from us.
emotional ownership trickles over into borrowed spaces.
emotional
“I am on my way to the corner office”
personal items that connect us to home
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spaces sometimes aspire to the illusion of personal space.
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
IMAGE: Flickr /uberzombie
emotional
The goal of any hotel room is to make you feel as if you are the first person to use it.
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IMAGE: Flickr /WexDub
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
the economics of proximity plays out in plain view.
emotional
how brands manage our sense of space reflects on their relevance and resonance.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
FirstClass Business Coach
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IMAGE: Flickr /WexDub
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
emotional ownership as brand strategy.
emotional
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
Premium Economy was first introduced in 1992. It is a service aimed at the cost conscious business traveller who, for budgetary reasons, travels economy but still requires extra space in which to work or relax.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
spaces can transcend the empirical to more abstract concepts of fidelity and local pride.
gut
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
the identity of location is shaped by the stories that make them meaningful.
gut
IMAGE: Spike Lee as Mars Blackmon
Brooklyn has meaning beyond the bricks and cement.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
shared spaces like cinemas allow us to feel connected to communal stories that reinforce our belonging.
gutthe draw of Plato’s Cave remains...even in the era of home entertainment.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
third place offers an escape and builds community narrative.
gut
IMAGE: Jack Mazzola, Jack’s Stir Brew
Besides a mate and a job, we need a dependable place of refuge where, for a few minutes a day, we can escape the demands of family and bosses.—Ray Oldenburg author of “The Great Good Place”
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
spaces that challenge convention propel the cultural narrative.
play work
gut
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
retail that seeks to transcend our expectation of shopping space.
gut
IMAGE: Flickr /Matt Garland
less hit and run and more of a hub in the human network.
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How well we shape features to the needs and aspirations of the space decides the
continuity and evolution of use.
The Designer The Consumer
DISCOVERYCONTROLCONSTITUENTS NEEDS/ASPIRATIONS FEATURES
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
reclaiming spaces as designer/consumer conversation.
graffiti culture evolves as expression that tests ownership and use of public spaces.
who owns the discourse?
IMAGE: Flickr /timstock
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
technology transforms meaning.IMAGE: Flickr /dorywithserifs
New York Talk Exchange illustrates the global exchange of information in real time by visualizing volumes of long distance telephone and IP (Internet Protocol) data flowing between New York and cities around the world.
global local
eastwest
urban suburban
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
layers of narrative open up opportunities for interactionIMAGE: YellowArrow.net
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
spaces can be canvases for discovery and transformation.
555 KUBIK - URBANSCREEN.COM
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
technology transforms use and context.IMAGE: Flickr /dorywithserifs
where things happen is less important than how things happen.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
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the space doesn’t define the use...the behavior does.
big design changes such as bike lanes require broader realignment of community culture.
“thanks for the cool new green sidewalk”
CASEBicycle Lanes
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
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meaning varies because needs vary.
COMMUTERS
ATHLETES
MESSENGERS
“...my safe portal”
“...my training track”
“...for suckers”
even for cyclists the vocabulary of space varies.
DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
my own space for moving stuff...
cyclist
cognitive dissonance bubbles up from a lack of cultural integration.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
great for ambulance lunch breaks
“hope we don’t get hit..at least the ambulance is nearby”
cognitive dissonance bubbles up from a lack of cultural integration.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
a new junk lane...
cognitive dissonance bubbles up from a lack of cultural integration.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
my own space for deliveries
cognitive dissonance bubbles up from a lack of cultural integration.
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DESIGN RESEARCH METHODS PROF. TIM STOCK
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SPACE
Team Assignment: Observational Field Research
IMAGE: Flickr /Eustaquio Santimano
1.2.
Choose a public space to study.
Identify and profile 3 key users of this space.
3. Identify key design features that meet each profile’s needs.
4. Identify the ways these groups comply and reinterpret use.
Presentation FormatPoster Board (organized)Photographs pastedPresentation notes sheet
cultural observations
behavioral observations
cognitive dissonance
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