proposal to encode fourteen arabic honorifics1 l2/19-289r proposal to encode fourteen arabic...
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L2/19-289RProposaltoencodefourteenArabichonorificsRoozbehPournader(WhatsApp)andMustafaJibalyJuly26,2019
HistoryThisdocumentreplacesL2/14-147,“ProposaltoencodeseventeenArabichonorifics”,byRoozbehPournader.Onlycharactersforwhichwecouldfindexamplesinrunningtextareproposed.
BackgroundUnicodeincludestwosetsofArabichonorifics,onesetascombiningmarksatU+0610..U+0614(mostlyforuseinPakistan,proposedinL2/01-425),andanothersetatU+FDF0..U+FDF2(allaroundtheMuslimworld).Buttheencodedsetisfarfromcomplete.SomeofthecharacterproposedherearemostlyusedbythePersian-andArabic-speakingShi’aMuslimsinIranandIraq,whileothersarecommonamongtheSunniandShi’aacrosstheworld.Theusercommunityhasbeenusinghackedfontsorimagesinordertorepresentthemissingones,orwhenmissingfonts,usingparenthesizedabbreviations.Severalvariationsinglyphshapeexistamongtheproposedcharacters,buttheyareinterchangeable,andwouldallrefertothesamesemanticswhentheunderlyingphraseisthesame.
ProposalEncodethefollowingcharactersintheUnicodeStandard(thefigurescolumnlistfigurewithexamples):
Glyph Codepoint Nameandnotes Figures
FD40 ARABICLIGATURERAHIMAHUALLAAH 13,17
FD41 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANH 4,5,10
FD42 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHAA 4*,7,16
FD43 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUM 8,12
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FD44 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUMAA 10,14
FD45 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUNNA 16
FD46 ARABICLIGATURESALLALLAAHUALAYHIWA-AALIH 2
FD47 ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIAS-SALAAM 2,3,9
FD48 ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIMAS-SALAAM 3,7
FD49 ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIMAAAS-SALAAM 11
FD4A ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIAS-SALAATUWAS-SALAAM 6
FD4B ARABICLIGATUREQUDDISASIRRAH 1
FDFE ARABICLIGATURESUBHAANAHUWATAAALAA 18,19
FDFF ARABICLIGATUREAZZAWAJALL 13,15,18
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Themaincharacterpropertiesshouldbeasfollows:FD40;ARABICLIGATURERAHIMAHUALLAAH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD41;ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD42;ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHAA;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD43;ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUM;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD44;ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUMAA;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD45;ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUNNA;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD46;ARABICLIGATURESALLALLAAHUALAYHIWA-AALIH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD47;ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIAS-SALAAM;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD48;ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIMAS-SALAAM;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD49;ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIMAAAS-SALAAM;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD4A;ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIAS-SALAATUWAS-SALAAM;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FD4B;ARABICLIGATUREQUDDISASIRRAH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FDFE;ARABICLIGATURESUBHAANAHUWATAAALAA;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;FDFF;ARABICLIGATUREAZZAWAJALL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;ThescriptpropertyforallthecharactersshouldbeArabic.AllotherpropertiesshouldbesimilartoU+FDFDARABICLIGATUREBISMILLAHAR-RAHMANAR-RAHEEM.
SuggestionforNamesLists.txt@ Honorificwordligatures FD40 ARABICLIGATURERAHIMAHUALLAAH x(arabicsignrahmatullahalayhe-0612)FD41 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANH x(arabicsignradiallahouanhu-0613)FD42 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHAAFD43 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUMFD44 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUMAAFD45 ARABICLIGATURERADIALLAAHUANHUNNAFD46 ARABICLIGATURESALLALLAAHUALAYHIWA-AALIH x(arabicligaturesallallahoualayhewasallam-FDFA)FD47 ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIAS-SALAAM x(arabicsignalayheassallam-0611)FD48 ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIMAS-SALAAMFD49 ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIMAAAS-SALAAMFD4A ARABICLIGATUREALAYHIAS-SALAATUWAS-SALAAMFD4B ARABICLIGATUREQUDDISASIRRAHFDFE ARABICLIGATURESUBHAANAHUWATAAALAAFDFF ARABICLIGATUREAZZAWAJALL
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Notes1. ThecharacterproposedatFD47ARABICLIGATURESALLALLAAHUALAYHIWA-AALIHis
analternateversionofU+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM.Both,aswellasathirdformnotproposedyet,areusedashonorificsfortheprophetMuhammad.Thenewlyproposedcharacteraddsthewords هلآ و (“andhisfamily”),which,althoughusedbyboththeSunniandtheShi’a,isusedmorebytheShi’asincetheprophet’sfamilyhasaspecialimportanceamongtheShi’a.
2. ThecharacternamesmatchtheexistingpatternsinUnicodecharacternames.ThephraseshavebeentranscribedwithakeysimilartothatusedinU+FDFDARABICLIGATUREBISMILLAHAR-RAHMANAR-RAHEEMandtheQuraniccharactersacceptedatU+08D5..U+08D2(seeL2/14-105),asopposedtoU+FDF0..U+FDFBandU+0610..U+0613,sincetheformerpatternismorecommonamongArabicspeakers.
3. Charactershavebeenarrangedingroupsoftwo,three,orfour.Ineachgroup,theyaresortedalphabeticallybasedonthepartofthewordthatchanges.
4. WefoundpublishedevidenceforanotherhonorificusedinIran,SALAAMUALLAAHALAYHAA( ا.يلع * مالس )orSALAAMUALLAAHALAYHIMAA( ام.يلع * مالس ).Butwearenotproposingityetsincewedon’thaveafontforitandit’snotclearwhichoneofthetwoitis(singularvsdual).
5. Evidenceofusageinpublishedtextwasnotfoundforthefollowingforms,althoughtheyexistinsomehonorificfonts.Theyarenotproposedyet:
Glyph Spelledoutform Glyph Spelledoutform
7اعتو كرا3ت * اهمحر
العو لج * م.محر
مالسلا اهيلع * امهمحر
ملسو هلآو هAلع * @ص * نهمحر
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فFGHلا هجرف 7اعت * لجع
مهM سدق
هPلع * ةمحر امهM سدق
ا.يلع * ةمحر
* هظفح
م.يلع * ةمحر
* ا.ظفح
ام.يلع * ةمحر * م.ظفح
ن.يلع * ةمحر
م.يلع * ناوضرVWXعمجا
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Samplesofusage
Figure1.SampleofusageofproposedQUDDISASIRRAHfromVar’i2006.Notethatbothusagescomefromthesamefont,althoughtheyaresurroundedbyfontsofdifferentstylesandweight.
Figure2.SampleofusageofproposedALAYHIAS-SALAAMandSALLALLAAHUALAYHIWA-AALIHfromVar’i2006.
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Figure3.SampleofusageofproposedALAYHIAS-SALAAMandALAYHIMAS-SALAAMfromVar’i2006.Notethecircledphraseonthelastline,theparenthesized( جع ),whichisareplacementforAJJALAALLAAHUTAAALAAFARAJAHUASH-SHARIFthatwasprobablynotavailableintheproductionenvironment.
Figure4.SampleofusageofU+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAMandtheproposedRADIALLAAHUANHfromtheKazakhWikipedia.ThemalehonorificismistakenlyusedafterthenameofAisha,theyoungestwifeoftheprophet.CorrectgrammaticalusagewouldhavebeenRADIALLAAHUANHA.
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Figure5.SampleofusageoftheproposedRADIALLAAHUANHintheEnglishlanguagefromAlim1993,pageXLI.
Figure6.ThehonorificALAYHIAS-SALAATUWAS-SALAAM( مالسلاو ةالصلا هPلع )inEnglishtext,fromAlim1993,page5.
Figure7.ThehonorificsALAYHIMAS-SALAAMandRADIALLAAHUANHAA,fromal-Jawziyyah2003,p.14.
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Figure8.ThehonorificRADIALLAAHUANHUM,fromal-Jawziyyah2003,p.15.
Figure9.Fromtoptobottom,thehonorificsALAYHIAS-SALAAM,U+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM,RADIALLAAHUANH(twiceinarow),andALAYHIAS-SALAAMfromal-Jawziyyah2003,p.15.
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Figure10.Fromtoptobottom,thehonorificsU+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM,RADIALLAAHUANH,U+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM,andRADIALLAAHUANHUMAAfromal-Jawziyyah2003,p.27.
Figure11.ThehonorificsALAYHIMAAAS-SALAAMfromal-Jawziyyah2003,p.134.
Figure12.ThehonorificsRADIALLAAHUANHUMfromal-Sakhawi2005,Vol4,p.127.
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Figure13.ThehonorificsAZZAWAJALLandRAHIMAHUALLAAHfromal-Sakhawi2005,Vol4,p.127.
Figure14.ThehonorificRADIALLAAHUANHUMAAfromal-Sakhawi2005,Vol4,p.141.ThehonorificfollowsthenameofAbdullahibnUmar,andatfirstglanceappearsgrammaticallyincorrect,sinceit’sindualforminsteadofsingularform.ButbecauseUmar,thefather,isthesecondCaliphandathusakeyfigureinSunniIslam,thehonorifictriestocoverboththesonandthefather.
Figure15.ThehonorificAZZAWAJALLfromal-Sakhawi2005,Vol4,p.156.
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Figure16.Fromtoptobottom,thehonorificsU+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM,RADIALLAAHUANHAA,U+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM,RADIALLAAHUANHAA,U+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM,RADIALLAAHUANHAA,U+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM,RADIALLAAHUANHAA,RADIALLAAHUANHUNNA,U+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM,andRADIALLAAHUANHAA,fromal-Jawziyya2001,p.97.
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Figure19.Fromtoptobottom,thehonorificsU+FDFAملسو هيلع هللا ىلصARABICLIGATURESALLALLAHOUALAYHEWASALLAM(fourtimes),andSUBHAANAHUWATAAALAAfromal-Tafsiral-Ma'thur2017,p.93.
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Figure20.Fromtoptobottom,thehonorificsALAYHIAS-SALAAM(twice),thenot-yet-proposedSALAAMUALLAHALAYHAAorSALAAMUALLAHALAYIMAA(it’slow-resolutionsoit’snotclearifit’ssingularordual,andwedidn’thaveafontforeitherofthemanyway),andALAYHIAS-SALAAMagainfromacalendarpublishedinIran.
AcknowledgmentsThefirstauthorisgratefultoKarimSenussiwhohelpedhimwithinformationabouttheSunniusageofthehonorificsandproofreadthecharacternamesinthefirstversionofthisproposal.
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Bibliography1. TaykaShu’aybAlim.1993.Arabic,ArwiandPersianinSarandibandTamilNadu-PartsI&II.
ImamulArusTrust,Madras.2. IbnQayyimal-Jawziyya.2001.Jāmiʿal-fiqh.EditedbyYusrāas-SayidMuḥammad,Dāral-
Wafāʾ.3. IbnQayyimal-Jawziyyah.2003.ProvisionsfortheHereafter(MukhtasarZadAl-Ma’ad).
SummarizedbyImamMuhammadIbnAbdulWahhabAt-Tamimi.DarussalamPublishers,Riyadh.ISBN9960897184.
4. JonathanKew.2001.“ProposaltoaddArabic-scripthonorificsandothermarks.”UTCDocumentRegisterL2/01-425,TheUnicodeConsortium.http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01425-arabic_marks.pdf
5. Markazal-Dirāsātwa-al-Ma‘lūmātal-Qur’ānīyahbi-Ma‘hadal-Imāmal-Shāṭibī.2017.Mawsu'aal-Tafsiral-Ma'thur.DarIbnHazm.
6. Abual-ḤusaynMuslimibnal-Ḥajjajal-Qushayrial-Naysaburi.2014.SahihMuslim.Cairo,DāralTaʾsīl.ISBN9789953550855.
7. RoozbehPournader.2014.“ProposaltoencodefourteenPakistaniQuranicmarks.”UTCDocumentRegisterL2/14-105,TheUnicodeConsortium.http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14105-pakistani-koranic-marks.pdf
8. RoozbehPournader.2014.“ProposaltoencodeseventeenArabichonorifics.”UTCDocumentRegisterL2/14-147,TheUnicodeConsortium.https://unicode.org/L2/L2014/14147-arabic-honorifics.pdf
9. MuhammadibnʻAbdal-Rahmanal-Sakhawı.2005.Fatḥal-mughīthbi-sharḥAlfīyatal-Ḥadīth.MaktabatDāral-Minhājlil-Nashrwa-al-Tawzīʻbi-al-Riyāḍ.ISBN9960965708.
10. SeyyedJavadVar’i(ed.).2006.IslamicGovernment:AJournalofIslamicPoliticalThoughtandJurisprudence.Vol.11,No.3,Oct-Dec2006.AssemblyofExpertsofIran.ISSN1561-008X.AccessedJune12,2014.http://www.rcipt.ir/pdfmagazines/041/041.pdf
11. WikipediaContributors.2014.“Құран.”TheKazakhWikipedia.AccessedJune12,2014.http://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD&oldid=2088749
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ISO/IECJTC1/SC2/WG2PROPOSALSUMMARYFORMTOACCOMPANYSUBMISSIONSFORADDITIONSTOTHEREPERTOIREOFISO/IEC10646
A.Administrative
1.Title:ProposaltoencodefourteenArabichonorifics2.Requester’sname:RoozbehPournaderandMustafaJibaly3.RequesterType(Memberbody/Liaison/Individualcontribution):IndividualContribution4.Submissiondate:June19,20195.Requester’sreference,ifapplicable:N/A6.Chooseoneofthefollowing: Thisisacompleteproposal:Yes (or)Moreinformationwillbeprovidedlater:No
B.Technical–General
1.Chooseoneofthefollowing: a.Thisproposalisforanewscript(setofcharacters):No Proposednameofscript:N/A b.Theproposalisforadditionofcharacter(s)toanexistingblock:Yes Nameofexistingblock:ArabicPresentationForms-A2.Numberofcharactersinproposal:143.Proposedcategory:A-Contemporary4.Isarepertoireincludingcharacternamesprovided?Yes
a.IfYES,arethenamesinaccordancewiththe“characternamingguidelines”inAnnexLofP&Pdocument?Yesb.Arethecharactershapesattachedinalegibleformsuitableforreview?Yes
5.Fontsrelated:a.WhowillprovidetheappropriatecomputerizedfonttotheProjectEditorof10646forpublishingthestandard?Pendingb.Identifythepartygrantingalicenseforuseofthefontbytheeditors(includeaddress,e-mail,ftp-site,etc.):Pending
6.References:a.Arereferences(toothercharactersets,dictionaries,descriptivetextsetc.)provided?Yesb.Arepublishedexamplesofuse(suchassamplesfromnewspapers,magazines,orothersources)ofproposedcharactersattached?Yes.
7.Specialencodingissues:Doestheproposaladdressotheraspectsofcharacterdataprocessing(ifapplicable)suchasinput,presentation,sorting,searching,indexing,transliterationetc.(ifyespleaseendorseinformation)?Yes.
8.Additionalinformation:SubmittersareinvitedtoprovideanyadditionalinformationaboutPropertiesoftheproposedCharacter(s)orScriptthatwillassistincorrectunderstandingofandcorrectlinguisticprocessingoftheproposedcharacter(s)orscript.Examplesofsuchpropertiesare:Casinginformation,Numericinformation,Currencyinformation,Displaybehaviourinformationsuchaslinebreaks,widthsetc.,Combiningbehaviour,Spacingbehaviour,Directionalbehaviour,DefaultCollation
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behaviour,relevanceinMarkUpcontexts,CompatibilityequivalenceandotherUnicodenormalizationrelatedinformation.SeetheUnicodestandardathttp://www.unicode.orgforsuchinformationonotherscripts.AlsoseeUnicodeCharacterDatabase(http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/)andassociatedUnicodeTechnicalReportsforinformationneededforconsiderationbytheUnicodeTechnicalCommitteeforinclusionintheUnicodeStandard.
C.Technical-Justification
1.Hasthisproposalforadditionofcharacter(s)beensubmittedbefore?YesIfYESexplain:Examplesforallproposedcharactersarenowprovided.
2.Hascontactbeenmadetomembersoftheusercommunity(forexample:NationalBody,usergroupsofthescriptorcharacters,otherexperts,etc.)?Yes
IfYES,withwhom?ThefirstauthorusedtoliveinIranandhasseenfrequentexamplesofusage.Therearevariousrequestsbytheusercommunityonsocialmedia.
IfYES,availablerelevantdocuments:N/A3.Informationontheusercommunityfortheproposedcharacters(forexample:size,demographics,informationtechnologyuse,orpublishinguse)isincluded?Yes
Reference:Seeabove4.Thecontextofusefortheproposedcharacters(typeofuse;commonorrare):Common.Someofthemcomparativelyrare.
Reference:N/A5.Aretheproposedcharactersincurrentusebytheusercommunity?Yes
IfYES,where?Reference:Seeabove6.AftergivingdueconsiderationstotheprinciplesintheP&PdocumentmusttheproposedcharactersbeentirelyintheBMP?Yes
IfYES,isarationaleprovided?Yes.Needtobenexttosimilarcharacters.IfYES,reference:N/A
7.Shouldtheproposedcharactersbekepttogetherinacontiguousrange(ratherthanbeingscattered)?No8.Cananyoftheproposedcharactersbeconsideredapresentationformofanexistingcharacterorcharactersequence?Yes
IfYES,isarationaleforitsinclusionprovided?YesIfYES,reference:Similaritytoalready-encodedcharactersanddifferentusage.
9.Cananyoftheproposedcharactersbeencodedusingacomposedcharactersequenceofeitherexistingcharactersorotherproposedcharacters?Yes
IfYES,isarationaleforitsinclusionprovided?YesIfYES,reference:Seeabove
10.Cananyoftheproposedcharacter(s)beconsideredtobesimilar(inappearanceorfunction)to,orcouldbeconfusedwith,anexistingcharacter?Yes
IfYES,isarationaleforitsinclusionprovided?Yes.Theproposedcharactershavedifferentidentities.IfYES,reference:Seeabove
11.Doestheproposalincludeuseofcombiningcharactersand/oruseofcompositesequences?No
IfYES,isarationaleforsuchuseprovided?N/AIfYES,reference:N/A
Isalistofcompositesequencesandtheircorrespondingglyphimages(graphicsymbols)provided?N/A
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IfYES,reference:N/A12.Doestheproposalcontaincharacterswithanyspecialpropertiessuchascontrolfunctionorsimilarsemantics?No
IfYES,describeindetail(includeattachmentifnecessary):B/A13.DoestheproposalcontainanyIdeographiccompatibilitycharacters?No
IfYES,aretheequivalentcorrespondingunifiedideographiccharactersidentified?N/AIfYES,reference:N/A
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