progressive era changes: municipal & state reforms

Progressive Era Progressive Era Changes:Changes:

MUNICIPAL & MUNICIPAL & STATE REFORMSSTATE REFORMS

MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL REFORMREFORM

• municipal reform• utilities - water, gas, electricity,

trolleys• council-manager plan (Dayton, 1913)

Shoe line - Shoe line - Bowery men with Bowery men with gifts from ward gifts from ward boss Tim Sullivan, boss Tim Sullivan, February, 1910February, 1910

MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL REFORMREFORM

council-manager plan (Dayton, 1913)

COUNCIL MEMBER

CITY MANAGE

R

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

strong mayor system

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

MAYOMAYORR

CITY SERVICE

S

CITY SERVICES

STATE POLITICAL STATE POLITICAL REFORMREFORM

• secret ballots• direct primary• Seventeenth

Amendment (1913)o initiativeo referendumo recall

Robert M. LaFolletteRobert M. LaFollette, , Wisconsin Governor 1900-06Wisconsin Governor 1900-06

STATE POLITICAL REFORMSTATE POLITICAL REFORM

Voter Participation in Presidential Elections, 1876-1920

STATE SOCIAL STATE SOCIAL REFORMSREFORMS

• professional social workers • settlement houses - education, culture, day

care• child labor laws

o Enable education & advancement for working class children

STATE SOCIAL STATE SOCIAL REFORMSREFORMS

• workplace & labor reforms o eight-hour work day eight-hour work day o improved safety & health conditions in improved safety & health conditions in

factoriesfactorieso workers compensation laws workers compensation laws o minimum wage lawsminimum wage lawso unionization unionization o child labor lawschild labor laws

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1913

State Social Reform: Child LaborState Social Reform: Child LaborChild Laborers in Indiana Glass Works, Midnight, Indiana. 1908

Child Laborer, Newberry, S.C. 1908

“Breaker Boys” Pennsylvania, 1911

Shrimp pickers in Peerless Oyster Co. Bay St. Louis, Miss., March 3, 1911

Settlement Settlement HousesHouses

• Settlement Houses• Hull-House – Jane Addams

Jane Addams (1905) Hull-House Complex in 1906

TEMPERANCETEMPERANCE• Temperance Crusade• Women’s Christian

Temperance Union (WCTU)

• Anti-Saloon League

Frances Willard (1838-98), Frances Willard (1838-98), leader of the WCTUleader of the WCTU

Anti-Saloon League Campaign, DaytonAnti-Saloon League Campaign, Dayton

TEMPERANCE & PROHIBITIONTEMPERANCE & PROHIBITION• Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibition on the Eve of Prohibition on the Eve of the 18th Amendment, 1919the 18th Amendment, 1919

SOCIALISMSOCIALISMALTERNATIVES

SOCIALISMSOCIALISM• Socialist Party• Eugene V. Debs

• Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or “Wobblies”)

Socialists parade, May Day, 1910

Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs

Who helped make these Who helped make these changes?changes?

““Fighting Bob”Fighting Bob”

Robert M. LaFollette’sRobert M. LaFollette’s• Born in Primrose, WI Born in Primrose, WI (1855)(1855)

• U.W. Law School U.W. Law School (1880)(1880)

• House of Representatives House of Representatives (1885-1891)(1885-1891)

• Governor of WI Governor of WI (1901-1905)(1901-1905)

• U.S. Senator U.S. Senator (1905-1925)(1905-1925)

• Presidential Candidate Presidential Candidate (1924)(1924)

Robert LaFollette’s – “Robert LaFollette’s – “Wisconsin IdeaWisconsin Idea””

PROGRESSIVE REFORMSPROGRESSIVE REFORMS

Progressive Reforms

1913Taxable Income Rate

$3,000-20,000 1%

$20,000-50,000 2%

$50,000-75,000 3%

$75,000-100,000 4%

$100,000-250,000 5%

$250,000-500,000 6%

$500,000+ 7%

2005Taxable Income Rate

$0-10,000 10%

$10,000-35,050 15%

$35,051-98,250 20%

$98,251-159,100 28%

$159,101-311,950 30%

$311,950+ 35%

• Graduated Income Tax – 16th Amendment

Progressive Reforms• Workers Compensation

Progressive Reforms

• Government control of Railroads

Progressive Reforms• Money for Education

Progressive Reforms

• Civil Service Reform

Wisconsin Idea – Voting Reform

Direct Primary – Election open to all voters in a political party

Initiative – Lets voters introduce a law.

Referendum – People vote for or against a proposed law

Recall – Gives citizens the chance to remove elected officials

Legacy of LaFolletteLegacy of LaFollette• Opposed US entry Opposed US entry

into World War Iinto World War I

Legacy of LaFolletteLegacy of LaFollette• Opposed US entry Opposed US entry

into World War Iinto World War I

• Third Party Third Party Candidate in the Candidate in the 1924 Presidential 1924 Presidential ElectionElection

Legacy of LaFolletteLegacy of LaFollette• Opposed US entry Opposed US entry

into World War Iinto World War I

• Third Party Third Party Candidate in the Candidate in the 1924 Presidential 1924 Presidential ElectionElection

• Made Wisconsin a Made Wisconsin a leader in leader in socialsocial and and politicalpolitical reform reform