Progressive Era 1890-1920:

Impact of Progressive Reforms

PowerPoint by Mr. HatawayOriginal 11.01.04Revised 10.04.10Revised 09.24.12

•Today I will learn . . .▫The Progressives’ Efforts to reform State and National governments.

•I will learn it by . . .▫Listening Carefully & Taking Cornell Notes

•I have learned it when I can . . .▫Summarize today’s notes by answering the following: “What has been the impact of Progressive Reforms?”

Essential Question:

•What inferences can you make concerning the impact of Progressive Era reforms, including initiative, referendum, recall, and the passage of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments?

•Opposition to corruption and waste in government.

•Concerned with social injustice.•Interested in government reform at all levels – national, state, and local.

•Sought Anti-trust legislation.•Conservation of our natural resources.

Defining Characteristics of the Progressive Era

•Former populists

•College-educated professionals

•New Middle Class

•Small business owners

•Muckrakers

Who were the Progressives?

National Level Progressive Reforms

•During the Progressive Era political reforms were initiated which gave the people more say in how their government was run and operated, resulting in a more participatory and democratic government.You do not have to write this

slide down, but please pay attention for the purpose of your own understanding.

Thank you.

National Level Progressive Reforms

•16th Amendment (1913)▫Income Tax▫Purpose was to raise revenue for government programs and reduce reliance on tariffs.

▫Originally intended to be a tax only on the wealthiest Americans.

▫Idea introduced by Populist Party.

National Level Progressive Reforms

•17th Amendment (1913)▫Direct Election of Senators▫Originally, Senators were chosen by State Legislatures, led to corruption through intimidation and bribery.

▫Each State elect 2 Senators serving 6-year terms; directly elected by the people.▫Introduced by Populist Party.

Why did the progressives want the direct election of senators? The United States Constitution had originally called for each state legislature to elect two senators from each state. As a result, political machines often influenced the election of senators in exchange for federal contracts and jobs. Progressives hoped the direct election of senators by all state voters would end this corruption.

National Level Progressive Reforms

•18th Amendment (1919)▫Prohibition▫Congress “prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol.”

▫Long sought after by the Temperance Movement.

National Level Progressive Reforms

•19th Amendment (1920)▫Women’s Suffrage {vote}

▫Congress can’t deny U.S. citizens the right to vote based on gender.

Lucy Stone 1818-1893

Lucretia Mott 1793-1880 Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1815-1902:her

daughter (Harriet E. Blatch) became a prominent suffrage leader in the 20th

century

Susan B. Anthony 1820-1906

19TH CENTURY WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

LEADERS

LEADERS OF THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT IN THE 20TH CENTURY

Carrie Chapman

Catt: 1859-1947

Maud Wood Park: 1871-

1955

Lucy Burns 1879-1966

Alice Paul:1886-

1977

ROBERT La FOLLETTE AND THE

WISCONSIN IDEA

State Level Progressive Reforms

State Level Progressive Reforms

Robert La Follette was Elected governor of Wisconsin in 1900 on a platform of reform. Re-elected in 1902 and 1904.

Created the "Wisconsin Idea," the use of professors from the University of Wisconsin--57 at one point--to draft bills and administer the state regulatory apparatus created by the new laws.

The legislature enacted the direct primary in 1903 and state civil-service reform in 1905. His appointees to the Tax Commission, given new power by the legislature, equalized tax assessments. Wisconsin's leadership in these areas gave La Follette his reputation as a pioneering progressive.

State Level Progressive Reforms

State Level Progressive Reforms

•Initiative▫Designated number of voters petition to have a measure put on the ballot to be voted on by the electorate.

▫Many States adopted by 1920.

State Level Progressive Reforms

•Referendum▫Vote by the electorate on an initiative or proposed statute (state law).

▫Many States adopted by 1920.

State Level Progressive Reforms

•Recall▫Procedure that allows voters to remove and replace a public official before the end of a term of office.

▫Many States adopted by 1920.2003

State Level Progressive Reforms

•Direct Primary•Nomination of candidates by the vote of party members instead of party bosses.

•Several States had adopted at the local level since 1870s. Every State by 1916.

State Level Progressive Reforms

•Secret Ballot •first adopted by the state of Oregon in the U.S.

•Also known as the Australian Ballot.

•Ballots distributed by the government and not the political parties.

•Rank each of the reforms based on impact – from greatest impact to least impact.

Assignment:

New Forms of City Government

New Forms of City Government

•Mayor-Council (old system)

▫consists of a popularly elected city mayor and city council.

▫Mayor had power to appoint and dismiss department heads without council approval.

▫Often controlled by the “Political Machines”

•Reformers sought to make government more efficient and professional.

•Two new forms of city government created by Progressives following natural disaster in the early 1900s.▫Council-Manager▫City Commission

New Forms of City Government

New Forms of City Government

•Council-Manager▫an elected city council, which is responsible for policy making

▫A professional city manager, appointed by the council, responsible for the administration of the city government.

CITY MANAGER FORM OF CITY GOVERNMENT GAINS POPULARITY AFTER FLOODS IN DAYTON OHIO IN

1913. A COLLEGE EDUCATED HIGHLY PAID PROFESSIONAL IS HIRED TO RUN THE CITY THIS

LOWERS THE RISK OF CORRUPTION.

VICTIMS OF THE FLOODTHIS PICTURE SHOWS THE DESOLATION AND SUFFERING CAUSED BY THE FLOOD, AND THE HEROIC

WORK OF THE RESCUERS WHEN THE WATERS WERE SUBSIDING. MANY SCENES OFHORROR LIKE THE ABOVE WERE WITNESSED

New Forms of City Government

•City Commission▫Elected city commissioners act as legislators and each heads a city department.

▫By 1917, 500 cities adopted this form of city government.

GALVESTON TEXAS: REFORM COMES FROM DISASTER

In September 1900 a hurricane slammed into Galveston almost head on. Waves were higher than 15 feet and

winds howled at 130 miles per hour. By the time the storm passed, more than 8,000 people were dead, countless were injured and half of the island's homes had been

swept away.