presidential patterns a look at american history by studying the presidential administrations

PRESIDENTIAL PATTERNS

A look at American history by studying the Presidential

administrations.

George Washington

Precedent setterCreated the cabinetAppointed Supreme

Court JudgesTook title of “Mr.

President”Only 2 terms1789-1797

Creation of the CabinetSecretary of State –

Thomas JeffersonSecretary of the Treasury -

Alexander HamiltonSecretary of War -

Henry KnoxAttorney General – *

Edmund Randolph

Issues under Washington

DOMESTICWar Debt Interpretation of

ConstitutionDevelopment of

Political Parties

FOREIGNFrench RevolutionBritish troops in

Ohio ValleyBorder with Spain

& Right of Deposit

Hamilton’s Financial ProgramTo establish a firm foundation for the

American economy and gain the trust of the American people

Pay off the foreign debt of all statesFund the national debt by issuing new

bondsCreate a National BankExcise tax on whiskeyProtective tariff

Controversy concerning Hamilton’s Program

AGAINSTFavors the richBenefits

speculatorsToo much power

to governmentUnconstitutional

IN FAVORRich should

control the bankSpeculators took

the riskUse “elastic

clause”

Washington’s Foreign Policy

Neutrality during the French Revolution

“No entangling alliances”

Send Citizen Genet home to France

TreatiesJay’s Treaty

Considered humiliating

British agreed to leave the forts in the Ohio Valley

No agreement on impressment

Pinckney’s Treaty Border between U.S.

and Florida set to our standards.

We received the “right of deposit from Spain.

Washington’s Farewell Address

No entangling alliancesNo political parties

John Adams Maintained peace Federalist Party “Obnoxious and

Disliked” Vice-President from

opposing party Tried to increase

power of the federal government 1797-1801

Major Events Under Adams

XYZ Affair – Peace Treaty With France – Alien & Sedition Acts – Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions – READ THE HANDOUT AND ANSWER

THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS – Midnight judges

What does the Virginia government say is its opinion about the US Constitution?

How does it feel about the US? Where does the Federal Government get its

powers according to the document? What type of government does the document

say the Congress is trying to create? How should Americans feel about what is

happening? What freedom had Virginia worked to get

added to the Constitution? What did the General Assembly of Virginia do

to the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Election of 1800 Federalists v Democratic-Republicans

Jefferson & Burr tie

House of Representatives deadlocked

Hamilton pushes Jefferson through

Aaron Burr fumes

Thomas Jefferson Power to the People Strengthens the

Democratic/Republican Party

Presides over peaceful prosperity

Faces war withNapoleonic France

1801-1809

Jefferson’s Administration

Cut spending to the military Barbary War Marbury v Madison (remember

“midnight justices”) Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark explore Louisiana

Territory Embargo Act of 1807

James Madison

“Father of the Constitution”

First President to preside over a declared war

1809-1817

Madison’s AdministrationBritish impressment of American

sailorsFrench stop and seize American

ships New laws regarding trade with

Britain and France (we will ally with the nation that removes its trade restrictions)

War of 1812 Indian War escalates. (Tippecanoe)British impressment continues.War Hawks demand war against

Britain.US declares war after Britain

refuses to lift trade restrictions.

War of 1812 Early years of war see US successful at

sea but unsuccessful on land. USS Constitution earns nickname

“Old Ironsides” Admiral Perry builds ships on Great

Lakes US Troops burn Toronto, Canada

War of 1812

British attack and burn Washington

Attack on Ft. McHenry

Key to writes “Star Spangled Banner”

Treaty of Ghent is signed.

Battle of New Orleans.

James Monroe

1817-1825

“The Era of Good

Feelings”

Ran for re-election in 1820 with NO opposition – the Federalist Party had died out.

Events Under Monroe American System (named by Henry Clay)

– new bank, new tariff, internal improvements

Strong Cabinet Appointments – John Q.Adams - Secretary of State, John C.

Calhoun – Secretary of War Florida Cession Missouri Compromise – Maine, Missouri

36º30’ line Monroe Doctrine

Election of 1824

Four Candidates – Jackson, Adams, Crawford, Clay

JacksonAdamsCrawfordClay

99

84

41

37

With no candidate receiving a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives chose the new president from among the top three candidates.

They chose John Quincy Adams.

John Quincy Adams

“Corrupt Bargain” Untactful and vain Only served one

term – Jackson and his followers made his term miserable

1825-1829

ANDREW JACKSON

Old Hickory Bitter campaign John C. Calhoun is

his Vice-President Carried a bullet in

his chest from an old duel

1829-1837

The average citizen felt empowered by Jackson’s election.

Washington leaders felt that “King Mob” ruled.Jackson implemented the “spoils system” to reward his supporters.

DEMOCRACY AND THE COMMON MAN

Followers who had supported Jackson since the election of 1824.

Formerly known as National Republicans

Strong local groups provided grass roots organization.

Opposed Jackson on every issue, did not appeal to the ideas of the common people

TWO PARTY SYSTEM

Biddle requests early renewal of bank charter.

Jackson vetoed renewal. veto becomes election issue Jackson reelected mandate “pet banks”

THE BANK WAR

Gold discovered in Cherokee land.

Georgia wants land. The Supreme Court

upheld the Cherokee. Jackson refused to

enforce the Court’s decision.

Congress passes Removal Act.

TRAIL OF TEARS

Tariff of 1828 known as “tariff of abomination” by Southerners

Calhoun and South Carolina “nullify” the tax

Jackson threatens to send in troops South Carolina threatens to secede Congress passes the Force Bill A compromise tariff passes Congress Both sides claim victory

NULLIFICATION CRISIS

Wife of Secretary of War

“Common Bar Maid”

Jackson tried to force her into Washington “society”

Cabinet dissolved, Van Buren appointed ambassador to London

Tie vote in Senate, Calhoun breaks tie.

PEGGY EATON AFFAIR

Battle of New OrleansIn 1814 we took a little trip,

Along with Colonel Jackson

down the mighty Mississip

We took a little bacon and we took a little beans

And we fought the bloody British in the town of New Orleans

We fired our guns and the British kept a’comin but there wasn’t as many as there was awhile ago, we fired once more and they commenced to runnin on down the Mississippi to the gulf of Mexico