presidential patterns a look at american history by studying the presidential administrations
DESCRIPTION
Creation of the Cabinet Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the Treasury - Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War - Henry Knox Attorney General – * Edmund RandolphTRANSCRIPT
PRESIDENTIAL PATTERNS
A look at American history by studying the Presidential
administrations.
George Washington
Precedent setterCreated the cabinetAppointed Supreme
Court JudgesTook title of “Mr.
President”Only 2 terms1789-1797
Creation of the CabinetSecretary of State –
Thomas JeffersonSecretary of the Treasury -
Alexander HamiltonSecretary of War -
Henry KnoxAttorney General – *
Edmund Randolph
Issues under Washington
DOMESTICWar Debt Interpretation of
ConstitutionDevelopment of
Political Parties
FOREIGNFrench RevolutionBritish troops in
Ohio ValleyBorder with Spain
& Right of Deposit
Hamilton’s Financial ProgramTo establish a firm foundation for the
American economy and gain the trust of the American people
Pay off the foreign debt of all statesFund the national debt by issuing new
bondsCreate a National BankExcise tax on whiskeyProtective tariff
Controversy concerning Hamilton’s Program
AGAINSTFavors the richBenefits
speculatorsToo much power
to governmentUnconstitutional
IN FAVORRich should
control the bankSpeculators took
the riskUse “elastic
clause”
Washington’s Foreign Policy
Neutrality during the French Revolution
“No entangling alliances”
Send Citizen Genet home to France
TreatiesJay’s Treaty
Considered humiliating
British agreed to leave the forts in the Ohio Valley
No agreement on impressment
Pinckney’s Treaty Border between U.S.
and Florida set to our standards.
We received the “right of deposit from Spain.
Washington’s Farewell Address
No entangling alliancesNo political parties
John Adams Maintained peace Federalist Party “Obnoxious and
Disliked” Vice-President from
opposing party Tried to increase
power of the federal government 1797-1801
Major Events Under Adams
XYZ Affair – Peace Treaty With France – Alien & Sedition Acts – Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions – READ THE HANDOUT AND ANSWER
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS – Midnight judges
What does the Virginia government say is its opinion about the US Constitution?
How does it feel about the US? Where does the Federal Government get its
powers according to the document? What type of government does the document
say the Congress is trying to create? How should Americans feel about what is
happening? What freedom had Virginia worked to get
added to the Constitution? What did the General Assembly of Virginia do
to the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Election of 1800 Federalists v Democratic-Republicans
Jefferson & Burr tie
House of Representatives deadlocked
Hamilton pushes Jefferson through
Aaron Burr fumes
Thomas Jefferson Power to the People Strengthens the
Democratic/Republican Party
Presides over peaceful prosperity
Faces war withNapoleonic France
1801-1809
Jefferson’s Administration
Cut spending to the military Barbary War Marbury v Madison (remember
“midnight justices”) Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark explore Louisiana
Territory Embargo Act of 1807
James Madison
“Father of the Constitution”
First President to preside over a declared war
1809-1817
Madison’s AdministrationBritish impressment of American
sailorsFrench stop and seize American
ships New laws regarding trade with
Britain and France (we will ally with the nation that removes its trade restrictions)
War of 1812 Indian War escalates. (Tippecanoe)British impressment continues.War Hawks demand war against
Britain.US declares war after Britain
refuses to lift trade restrictions.
War of 1812 Early years of war see US successful at
sea but unsuccessful on land. USS Constitution earns nickname
“Old Ironsides” Admiral Perry builds ships on Great
Lakes US Troops burn Toronto, Canada
War of 1812
British attack and burn Washington
Attack on Ft. McHenry
Key to writes “Star Spangled Banner”
Treaty of Ghent is signed.
Battle of New Orleans.
James Monroe
1817-1825
“The Era of Good
Feelings”
Ran for re-election in 1820 with NO opposition – the Federalist Party had died out.
Events Under Monroe American System (named by Henry Clay)
– new bank, new tariff, internal improvements
Strong Cabinet Appointments – John Q.Adams - Secretary of State, John C.
Calhoun – Secretary of War Florida Cession Missouri Compromise – Maine, Missouri
36º30’ line Monroe Doctrine
Election of 1824
Four Candidates – Jackson, Adams, Crawford, Clay
JacksonAdamsCrawfordClay
99
84
41
37
With no candidate receiving a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives chose the new president from among the top three candidates.
They chose John Quincy Adams.
John Quincy Adams
“Corrupt Bargain” Untactful and vain Only served one
term – Jackson and his followers made his term miserable
1825-1829
ANDREW JACKSON
Old Hickory Bitter campaign John C. Calhoun is
his Vice-President Carried a bullet in
his chest from an old duel
1829-1837
The average citizen felt empowered by Jackson’s election.
Washington leaders felt that “King Mob” ruled.Jackson implemented the “spoils system” to reward his supporters.
DEMOCRACY AND THE COMMON MAN
Followers who had supported Jackson since the election of 1824.
Formerly known as National Republicans
Strong local groups provided grass roots organization.
Opposed Jackson on every issue, did not appeal to the ideas of the common people
TWO PARTY SYSTEM
Biddle requests early renewal of bank charter.
Jackson vetoed renewal. veto becomes election issue Jackson reelected mandate “pet banks”
THE BANK WAR
Gold discovered in Cherokee land.
Georgia wants land. The Supreme Court
upheld the Cherokee. Jackson refused to
enforce the Court’s decision.
Congress passes Removal Act.
TRAIL OF TEARS
Tariff of 1828 known as “tariff of abomination” by Southerners
Calhoun and South Carolina “nullify” the tax
Jackson threatens to send in troops South Carolina threatens to secede Congress passes the Force Bill A compromise tariff passes Congress Both sides claim victory
NULLIFICATION CRISIS
Wife of Secretary of War
“Common Bar Maid”
Jackson tried to force her into Washington “society”
Cabinet dissolved, Van Buren appointed ambassador to London
Tie vote in Senate, Calhoun breaks tie.
PEGGY EATON AFFAIR
Battle of New OrleansIn 1814 we took a little trip,
Along with Colonel Jackson
down the mighty Mississip
We took a little bacon and we took a little beans
And we fought the bloody British in the town of New Orleans
We fired our guns and the British kept a’comin but there wasn’t as many as there was awhile ago, we fired once more and they commenced to runnin on down the Mississippi to the gulf of Mexico