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7/29/2019 Presentation on WaMEX by Zoran Vojinovic
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Expert System for StrategicExpert System for Strategic
Technologies and Sewer NetworksTechnologies and Sewer Networks
Zoran Vojinovic
UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education,Delft, The Netherlands
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Institute for Postgraduate Education, Training andInstitute for Postgraduate Education, Training andCapacity Building in Water, Environment andCapacity Building in Water, Environment and
InfrastructureInfrastructure
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UNESCOUNESCO--IHEIHE
- ’ Ambassador to the Netherlands requests transfer of Dutch expertise inHydraulic Engineering to Bangladesh
1957 Birth - IHE established as an International Education Institute
1991 Transformation - IHE Delft becomes an independent Foundation
- -operational
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Staff and OutputsStaff and Outputs
160 Staff (80 Academic, 80 Support)300 Guest Faculty
4 Water and Environment Academic Programmes:
- 222 MEng participants )
- 92 MSc participants ) From about 80 countries
-
- 250 Short Course Participants
187 Projects 2010 (Capacity Building, research, tailor made training,advisor services
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UNESCO-IHE Alumni CommunitConnecting the Community of 1Connecting the Community of 14 4,000 Alumni,000 Alumni
50 - 50 51-150 151-300 301-500 501-850 851-1200
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WaMEXWaMEX OutlineOutline
Introduction
Development to date• Treatment technologiesFurther work
• Scenario assessment•
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IntroductionIntroduction – – Project BackgroundProject Background
ADB-DMC Sanitation Dialog 3-5 March 2009 identified the
institutions and policies,technology options,inancing options,
information,education and communication andeconomics of sanitation
As one of the knowled e roducts, the need for an Ex ert S stemhas emerged with the aim to assist in the evaluation of wastewater management options
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UNESCO-IHE teamed up with an Asian/Australian partners toundertake the above work.
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Objectives of the development work Objectives of the development work
To eve op a too t at ena e ecision ma ers to carry out
“what-if-scenario” at a higher planning (or scoping) level:• • Preliminary cost estimates of WWT technologies and sewer
reticulation works
To develop two separate modules:
• Sewer network evaluation module;
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End UsersEnd Users
P anners
Operators
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Work to dateWork to date
Several real-world tests have confirmed that the tool is useful. ., , , ,
correction factors for local conditions, functionalities, scenariobuilder) are ongoing;
Developments are planned through 3 phases (2 nd phase is
complete);Important points:
• The tool is not meant for detailed engineering designpurposes!
• Current technologies are sewer-based with minor septage;
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• of unplanned events and unanticipated local factors that areal-world job can entail (strengths vs. limitations)!
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The team and external inputsThe team and external inputs
UNESCCO-IHE’s HI & Sanitation core teamed u withBeijing Richway Tech & Development Co. Ltd and WorleyParsons Ltd.
Throughout the project comments were received from ADB World Bank IWA and other international ex erts in the field.
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DSS/ES functional illustrationDSS/ES functional illustration
o e ame:o e ame: a a
Sewers
Integrated Assessment
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Interface Layer
A hit tA hit t
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MCA scoring
Criterion 1Sub-criterion 1.1
Criterion 2
Sub-criterion 1.2
Pareto alternativesx
xx
x
ArchitectureArchitecture
Functional LayerConnectorto external
models
100 90 80 70
Calculation module
SolutionsBuilder
ReportGeneratorPairwise
comparison
Scoring of
alternatives(MCA)
Identification
of Paretoalternatives
Visualization block
User managementand authentication Case management
Data Layer
SolutionsCriteria Constraints Alternatives Technologies
Drainage/SewerageWWT
Support Engines Layer
Maps/Layers Users Cases
13GIS Engine DB Engine
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Wastewater treatment technologiesWastewater treatment technologies
PollutantsTreatment methodsTechnology selection criteria
Von Sperling’s book and other references
Demonstration of the module
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MAIN MECHANISMS FOR THE REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Solids Organic matter Nitrogen Phosphorus Pathogens
Coarse•
Particulate•
Protozoa/eggs•
Organic•
Phosphate•
Suspended
• sedimentation
Dissolved
• adsorption• hydrolysis
• stabilization
Soluble
• filtration
Bacteria/viruses• adverse env. cond.• UV radiation
Ammonia
• nitrification• bacterial assimilation• stripping
• precipitation• filtration
• adsorption • adsorption• stabilization
• disinfection• break-point chlorination
Nitrate
• denitrification
Logarithmic scale1st Level: SCREENING
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TECHNOLOGY SELECTION METHODSTECHNOLOGY SELECTION METHODS
• descriptive documents• checklists
• se ec on ma r ces• algorithms• models
EXAMPLE SELECTION MATRIX: MCA
Selection criteriaWeights
6 8 1 2 4 9 3 5 7 8 9 1 2 0 5
Range 0-10
h n o
l o g
i e
S c o r e s
3 3 0 1 2 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 3 2
5 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 5 2
3 3 2 4 5 1 3 5 5 3 2 1 5 2 3
Range 0-5 total256
307
T e 2 4 5 1 1 1 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 4
1 1 5 4 2 2 2 1 5 4 2 2 2 1 5
2 4 5 2 4 5 2 4 5 2 4 5 1 1 1
xscores
188
399
300
229
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Criteria for wastewater technology selectionCriteria for wastewater technology selectionLocal conditions
• Climate• Hydrology
Processes
• Process applicability• Removal efficiency
Environment
• Soil pollution• Air pollution
• Footprint size• Land availability
• Resistance/robustness• Sludge generation• Sludge handling/processing•
• Water resources pollution
• Devaluation of area• Inconvenience
Health and Safety Economics
Operation & Maintenance
• Noise• Aerosols• Insects & worms
• Chemicals• Energy• Personnel
• • Reliability• Complexity/Simplicity• Compatibility
• Occupational safety • Land costs• Other resources
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Social aspects Institutional aspects Political aspects …
• … • … • …
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IMPORTANCE OF CRITERIA FOR TECHNOLOGY SELECTION:Perspective of developed and developing countries
HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES LOW INCOME COUNTRIES
Efficiency
Reliability
Land requirements
Environmental impact
Operational costs
Construction costs
Maintenance
Simplicity
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critical important important critical
COD removal - nitrification plants 3rd Level: Selection at the individual technology level
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p(a) Complete-mix activated sludge - CMAS (b) Conventional plug-flow (c) High-rate aeration (d) Step feed
Not In the SCOPE
(e) Contact stabilization (f) Two-sludge (g) High-purity oxygen
(h) Conventional extended aeration (i) Oxidation ditch (j) Orbal (k) Countercurrent aeration system
(l) Sequencing batch reactor - SBR (m) Intermittent cycle extended aeration system (n) Cyclic activated sludge system - CAAS
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COD and N removal plants – nitrification and denifitrication plants Not In the SCOPE
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p p(a) Ludzack-Ettinger (b) Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (c) Step feed
(d) Sequencing batch reactor - SBR (e) Bio-denitro f Nitrox
(g) Single-sludge (h) Bardenpho (4 stage) (i) Oxidation ditch
(j) Two-sludge (l) Orbal(k) Low DO oxidation ditch
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COD, N and P removal plants - nitrification and denifitrication and Not In the SCOPE
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phosphorus removal plants(a) Phoredox (A/O) (b) A2/O (c) Modified Bardenpho (5 stage)
(d) UCT (e) Modified UCT (f) VIP
(g) Johanesburg (h) Phostrip
(i) SBR
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TECHNOLOGY SELECTION MODULE - DEMO
Selection of technologies in relation to:• Different Effluent Standards• Different Wastewater Characteristics
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WaMEXWaMEX functional illustrationfunctional illustration – – ReticulationReticulation
Sewers
Decision Function
Optimal Solution
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Approach undertaken Approach undertaken
Simplified (a library of model runs and the lookup table),-
ses comp ex compu a onsOn line - dynamic simulations
Wastewater SystemWastewater SystemPipe Network ModelPipe Network Model
Data PreData Pre --Processor
Data PostData Post --Processor
Wastewater SystemWastewater SystemPipe Network ModelPipe Network Model
Data PreData Pre --Processor
Data PostData Post --Processor
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GAGA
GlobalGlobal OptimiserOptimiserGAGA
GlobalGlobal OptimiserOptimiser
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Dynamic analysis approach: Tools usedDynamic analysis approach: Tools used
Wastewater SystemWastewater System First Iteration!Pipe Network ModelPipe Network Model
--ProcessorProcessor
--ProcessorProcessor
Global OptimiserGlobal Optimiser
C2 (surchargerelated damageor overflow spill)
26C1 (Whole asset life cycle cost)
l h l dl h l d
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Dynamic analysis approach: Tools usedDynamic analysis approach: Tools used
Wastewater SystemWastewater System Second Iteration!Pipe Network ModelPipe Network Model
--ProcessorProcessor
--ProcessorProcessor
Global OptimiserGlobal Optimiser
C2 (surchargerelated damageor overflow spill)
27C1 (Whole asset life cycle cost)
D i l i h T l dD i l i h T l d
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Dynamic analysis approach: Tools usedDynamic analysis approach: Tools used
Wastewater SystemWastewater System Other Iterations!Pipe Network ModelPipe Network Model
--ProcessorProcessor
--ProcessorProcessor
Global OptimiserGlobal Optimiser Dominated Solutions!
Nondominated Solutions!
C2 (surchargerelated damageor overflow spill)
28C1 (Whole asset life cycle cost)
A ll l i l f h bA ll l i l f h b
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A parallel computing platform has been A parallel computing platform has been
Serial approach:Master
Master
Slave 1
Master/SlaveSlave 2
Slave 3
Slave 4
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Parallel TimeCommunication Time
A ll l ti l tf h bA ll l ti l tf h b
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A parallel computing platform has been A parallel computing platform has been
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ImplementationImplementation
Conventional:separate andcombined
mp e
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ll
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ImplementationImplementation
Known cases: details from several cases available
Unknown cases: details determined using specialised tools
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Design Parameters
Depend on local conditions and regulations
• Slope• Population density• • Minimum/Maximum Velocity (Self cleaning, water qualityconsiderations, Hazardous gases (security), maintenance,etc .
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La out of the S stem
• Based on the local topography.
• Pipes o ow topograp y an roa networ .
LegendSewer Pipes
Natural Streams andRoad Network Derived Sewer Layout
Tertiary Roads
Secundary Roads
Natural Streams
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Based on the topography, pipelayout and flow direction.
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La out of the S stem
Velocity constraints: 1 to 5 m/s
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System profile for a terrain slope of 10%. Steepest part. Maximum
Water Elevation Profile: Nod e 1 - 56 1 2 3 5 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 2 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6
calculated velocity in the model was 4.1 m/s
280
270260250
240230220
a t i o n
( m )
210200
190180170
160150
E l e
130120110
1009080
70
Distance (m)3,800 3,600 3,400 3,200 3,000 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0
6050
403020
09/16/1996 16:25:00
Velocity constraints: 1 to 5 m/s
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System profile for an average terrain slope of 3%. Steepest part. Maximumcalculated velocity in the model was 2.3 m/s
ater evat on ro e: o e - 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 6 2 8 4 3 2 9 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6
60
58
56
54
52
( m )
50
48
46
44
42
4038
E l e v a t i o n
36
34
32
30
28
26
22
20
18
16
14
12
09/16/1996 16:20:00
Distance (m), , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Velocity constraints: 1 to 5 m/s
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System profile for an average terrain slope of 1%. Steepest part. Maximum calculatedvelocity in the model was 1.29 m/s
Water Elevation Profile: Node 1 - 56
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 6 2 8 4 3 2 9 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 660
58
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
42
E l e v a t i o n ( m )
38
36
34
32
30
28
24
22
20
18
16
14
09/16/1996 16:25:00Distance (m)
3,800 3,600 3,400 3,200 3,000 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0
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Model simulations
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Summary Table for each model
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n
ib
aC *i 1
The cost depends on the flow or capacity required
The number of pumps required in the system can be estimated according with the topography andthe slope. Earle et al, 1999.http://www.wateronline.com/doc.mvc/Estimating-Sewer-Costs-A-Mathematical-Model-0001
Flat Terrain (<3%): 1 Pump of 12 l/s per 1.6 Km and 2 Pumps of 6 l/s per 1.6 Km.Rolling Terrain (3-10%) : 1 Pump of 6 l/s per 1.6 KmSteep Terrain (>10%): 2 Pumps of 12 l/s per 1.6 Km and 2 Pumps of 6 l/s per 1.6 Km
References:Farrell, R.P., 1992, Two decades of experience with pressure sewer systems, Journal of the New
R.S. Means Co., 1996, Site Work and Landscape Cost Data, 16 th Kingston, Massachusetts.Environment One Corporation, 1995, Low-pressure sewer systems using environment one grinderpumps, Schenectady, New York.
Simplified Sewerage or Condominial
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Simplified Sewerage or Condominialewerage
Simplified sewerage is an off-site sanitation technology that removes all wastewaterfrom the household environment. Conceptually it is the same as conventionalsewerage, but with conscious efforts made to eliminate unnecessarily conservativedesign features and to match design standards to the local situation. Mara et all, 2000.
Key Features
Layout: in-block system , routed through private land, either back or front yards.
Depth and diameter: shallow depths, often with covers of 0.4 m. or less. he minimumallowable sewer diameter is 100 mm, rather than the 150 mm or more that is normallyrequired for conventional sewerage. The relatively shallow depth allows small accesschambers to be used rather than large expensive manholes/chambers.
0.62l
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o n a l
y = ‐0.0003x + 0.6002² =
0.56
0.58
.
i e d S e w / C o n v e n t i
S e w
.
0.50
0.52
0.54
C o s t R a t i o S i m p l i f
0.480 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Population Density (inh/Ha)
Based on the Brazil Experience. Thesimplified sewerage alternative isbetween 40% to 50% cheaper thanconventional sanitary sewers.
Costs of conventional and simplifiedsewerage and on-site sanitation in Natal in
.Sinnatamby, 1983
References
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Referencesz.vojinovic@unesco-ihe.org
www.urbanhydroinformatics.com
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Thank ou for our attention! Thank ou for our attention!
DEMONSTRATIONDEMONSTRATION
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RETICULATION SELECTION MODULE - DEMO
Selection of sewer reticulation network in relation to:• Different Population Density• Slope of Terrain
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EXERCISE: Wastewater Technology Selection Module
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Step 1
Urban area in Malaysia (KL) : 30 HectaresWastewater production per person per day :
roup a ers person ayGroup b) 150 liters/person/day
Group c) 200 liters/person/day
Wastewater source : Group a) Grey water (non-sewer);Group b) Sanitary Sewage;Group c) Combined Sewage;
Design Horizon : 20 years;
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O&M as % of CI : 3%;Discount Rate : 5%Factors for Consideration : Efficienc Shock Resistance Econom
EXERCISE: Wastewater Technologies Selection Module
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Typical Values
BOD5: 54 (15 – 80)COD: 100 (25 - 200)
TotP: 2 (1-3)TotN: 5 (2 – 15)TSS: 10Vol/C: 200 (100 – 300)
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EXERCISE: Wastewater Technology Selection Module
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Step 2
Government is considering to change to Singaporean Stds
What are the implications?
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EXERCISE: Wastewater Technology Selection Module
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Step 3
Government is considering to change to European Stds
What are the implications?
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EXERCISE: Reticulation Selection Module
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Urban area in Malaysia (KL) needs to be sewered :
Ste 1: Measurements
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EXERCISE: Reticulation Selection Module
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Approximate development density :
Step 2: Measurements
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EXERCISE: Reticulation Selection Module
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Terrain slope : 1%
Design Horizon : 50 years;O&M as % of CI : 2%Discount Rate : 5%
Calculate the costs of the following:• Pumps/pumping stations• Conventional sanitary sewer• Simplified sanitary sewer• Combined Sanitary Sewer and Drainage
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EXERCISE: Reticulation Selection Module
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Discuss the findings within your group
and present the conclusions!
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