presentation energy and comfort

Energy and Comfort in Buildings

Practical assessment University of Minho

Master of Sustainable Rehabilitation And Construction18-Dec-2015

Group 4:Ahmad Alshaghel

Chadi Charles Nisreen ArddaRita Correia

Energy and Comfort in Buildings

• Introduction• Orientation• Window area• Air change rate • HVAC systems• Shading system• DHW systems • Insulation • NZEB• Thermal Comfort

• Introduction

Age of Earth = 4.6 Billion YearAge of Industrial revolution= 300 year

Age =46 years After 1 Minute50% resources

New tenant

Legalization is required Every single movement is required

Building = 40% CO2

• Orientation

B 

0.61 

 Ntc/Nt

 Energy Class

Reference Solution, Porto

Heating gains decrease 2%

total energy increase 0.4%

Solution 1

B 

0.62 

 Ntc/Nt

 Energy Class

Solution 2

energy for cooling increases around 13%. the total energy increase 6%B

 0.66

 Ntc/Nt

 Energy Class

Solution 3

energy for cooling and cooling about 1%.the total energy increase 1%B

 0.61

 Ntc/Nt

 Energy Class

• WindowsWindow is not hall in the wall

B 

0.61 

 Ntc/Nt

 Energy Class

Solution 1

Transmission /cooling decrease about 10%

WW

R 51% 28%

energy for heating decrease about 5%

energy for cooling decrease about 13%

global energy decrease 6%

B 

0.58 

 Ntc/Nt

 Energy Class

Solution 2

Transmission /cooling decrease about 10%

WW

R 56.1% 32%

energy for heating decrease about 4%

energy for cooling decrease about 9%

global energy decrease 4.5%

B 

0.59 

 Ntc/Nt

 Energy Class

Solution 3

Transmission /cooling decrease about 15%

energy for heating decrease about 8%

energy for cooling decrease about 20%

global energy decrease 10%

B 

0.59 

 Ntc/Nt

 Energy Class

Solution 1+ Solution 2

• Air Change rate (Ventilation)Measure of the air volume added to or removed from a space (normally a room or house) divided by the volume of the space.

Reference Solution

First suggested Solution

Air Change rate (Ventilation Rate):

Second suggested Solution

Third suggested Solution

Grids + Ducts

ACr EC

ACr EC

ACr EC

Mechanical Fan+ Ducts

Heat Recovery system

• HVAC (heating and cooling):

Most important factor to distinguish the building thermal comfort, acceptable indoor air quality and the energy consumption

Reference Solution

First suggested Solution

Second suggested Solution

Third suggested Solution

Biomass boiler

EC

EC

EC

water heat pump+ Digital Inverter Ceiling

Wall AC

HVAC (heating and cooling):

Reference

Cooling Heating

First we have to define the composition of the glass used in the case study, where we have by default that the gtvi=0.55 , which in the regulation book in table 12 we can define that the glass used is

Vidro Duplo (int

+ ext) and colorido na massa 5mm + incolor 4 a 8 mm.

• Shading Systems

1. Lona Muito Transparente. (0.64 B) [ Reference case study ]

2. the Portada De Madeira. (0.59 B)

3. Persiana de Reguas de Madeira (0.60 B)

4. Persiana De Reguas Metalicas Ou Plasticas on the south and east and west side only . (0.59 B)

The best solution is the Persiana De Reguas Metalicas ou Plasticas installed only on the south and east and west elevations where it

combines the economical benefits with the sustainable solutions for a better overall project.

• AQS or DHW Domestic Hot Water.Water used, in any type of building, for domestic purposes,

principally drinking, food preparation, sanitation and personal hygiene.

1. Caldeira. The used model is a boiler that works on natural gas, and it is backed up by solar collectors which will renew the heat for the hot water. (0.61 B)

2. Water Heater (liquid fuel). the first solution is a water heater that works on Diesel oil, and it is backed up by solar collectors that renew the heat for the water to stay hot. (0.62 B)

3. Boiler that works on Electricity. the second solution is a boiler that works on electricity and it’s backed up by photovoltaic solar panels that gives renewable electricity to power the boiler in a sustainable way. (0.62 B)

4. Stove Boiler. the third solution is a basic one where it is a stove boiler that boil water on solid fuel and it’s backed up by a geothermal heat pump that renew the heat for the water. (0.56 B)

The best solution is the most organic one and it’s the third one the STOBE BOILER.

InsulationThe possibilities for insulation are

numerous and can be very different both in type, volume, price, and environmental

impact

The 3 SolutionsInternal Insulation

Distributed insulation

External insulation

Building Thermal inertiaASSUMED CONTRIBUTION fromPavements and Separation Walls:

maximum allowed superficial mass (150Kg/m2)reduction factor equal to 1.

Sseparationwalls = 130m2

It = [2 x (150 x 1 x 130) + (150 x 189,12)] / 189,12 = 356 Kg/m2

Plane Thermal bridgesASSUMED

Concrete Intermediate Pillars (0,25m thick)R = 0,25/2,3 = 0,11 [(m2.ºC)/W]

Internal Insulation Distributed insulation

Linear Thermal bridges2 values from the ITeCons online CATALOGUETwo exterior wall junctions and Wall – Frame

junctions

ASSUMED: Insulation material touches de window frame REH - DEFAULT VALUES

Linear Thermal bridges2 Used values from the ITeCons online CATALOGUE

- Internal Insulation

Linear Thermal bridges2 Used values from the ITeCons online CATALOGUE

- Distributed Insulation

Linear Thermal bridges2 Used values from the ITeCons online CATALOGUE

- External Insulation

U- Values Internal Insulation

Results – Internal insulation

Results – Distributed insulation

External InsulationITeCons Online catalogue of

constructive solutions

Results – External insulation

Results - COMPARISON

Results - COMPARISONSAVINGS

Results - COMPARISONCOSTS

Comparison

Hext (W

/°C)

Hint (W

/°C)

Htr (W/°C

)

Qint,i (

kWh/y

ear)

Qsol,i (

kWh/y

ear)

Qg,i (k

Wh/year

)

Qint,v

(kWh/y

ear)

Qsol,v (

kWh/y

ear)

Qg,v (k

Wh/yea

r)ηi

Nic [kW

h/(m2.y

ear]ηv

Nvc [kW

h/(m2.y

ear]

Global

[kWhEP

/m².y

ear]

Ntc/Nt

Classi

ficatio

n

CO2 E

mission

s (t/y

ear)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

SOLUTION 1SOLUTION 2SOLUTION 3REF

nZEB

• nZEB

PARAMETER SLECTED SOLUTION

1. Orientation R2. Windows 33. Shading 34. Insulation 35. Ventilation R6. HVAC 17. AQS 3

+Efficient shower systems – Class A

+PV Solar system

• nZEB

A+ 0.01 

 Ntc/Nt 

 Energy Class

• Thermal Comfort

Thermal Comfort

**The red line represents the comfort zone without an ambient control system**The blue line represents the comfort zone without an ambient control system

Results

Average value of the measured

outside temperature

(7 previous days)Tn-i (ºC)

Outside temperature(Weighted average)

Tmp (ºC)

Tn 13,51

Tn 13,54

14,85Tn 15,49Tn 17,68Tn 16,07Tn 15,58Tn 14,18

Average Tr

between 17h and

18h(Fireplace

OFF)

Average Tr between 18h and 22h30

(Fireplace ON)

Average Tr between 23h

and 1h(Fireplace

stopped being feeded)

18,61 24,37 21,99

Results

14 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 1617

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Tconf + 3ºC / Non HeatedTconf / Non HeatedTconf - 3ºC / Non HeatedMeasured Tr (17h-18h)Measured Tr (23h-1h)Tconf + 3ºC / HeatedTconf / HeatedTconf - 3ºC / HeatedMesured Tr (18h-22h30)

Thank You