prehistoric britain
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PREHISTORIC BRITAIN THE IBERIANS Stonhenge
700 BC THE CELTS
55 BC THE ROMANS first invasion43 BC first settlement410 BC withdrawl
THE ANGLO SAXON• 410 AD The Romans left
• The Celts alone asked Germanic Anglo-Saxon mercenaries for help
• 455 AD invaded England
Where did the Anglo-Saxons come from?
• The Anglo-Saxons left their homelands in
- northern Germany - Denmark
- The Netherlands
and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats to Britain.
Who were the Anglo-Saxons?
• Mixture of Germanic tribes - the ANGLES - the SAXONS - the JUTES
• divided the country in 7 Kingdoms
• The Anglo-Saxons were warrior-farmers
• loved fighting and were very fierce.
• tall, fair-haired men, armed with swords and spears and round shields.
• small villages• Anglo-Saxons houses
were huts made of wood with roofs thatched with straw
• The biggest house in an Anglo Saxon village was the Hall, the Chief's house.
He lived there with his warriors.
OLD ENGLISH• Union of the Anglo-Saxons languages
• They were illiterate
• runic alphabet
OLD ENGLISH / GERMAN ORIGINS• The first Anglo Saxon Villages
named after the Chieftain (Leader of the village).
• These places often have the letters 'ing' of 'folk' somewhere in their name, often at the end.
• The first part of the name was most likely to have been the name of the local chieftain.
• The people who lived in the 'village' of Hastings were 'Haesta's people'. Haesta was the chieftain.
• The people who lived in the 'village' of Reading were 'Redda's people'.Redda was the chieftain .
OLD ENGLISHInfluenced by Latin
AD 600 Christianization - people baptised - churches built
THE VIKINGS AD 800• The Vikings came from
Scandinavia
- Denmark
- Norway
- Sweden
• Sailors and raiders, the Vikings came across the North Sea
• farmers, fishermen, trappers and traders. Viking craftsmen made beautiful objects out of wood, metal and bone;
• Viking women were skilful weavers, produced fine, warm textiles.
• King Alfred, Saxon king of Wessex, fought them in a great battle, but he could not drive them right away and had to let them have part of the country, called Danelaw.
• Place names ending in –by– by meant farm or homestead (village). These places mark the earliest Viking settlements. • Derby - A village where deer are
found
• eg. Derby, Rugby, Whitby, Selby, Grimsby
Aglo- Saxon prose and poetry
• Oral tradition
• Scops and Bards
• Historical memory created by repetition
• Written tradition
• Christian Scribes
• Foundations of literature
Anglo Saxson Poetry / 4 Manuscripts
• Beowulf Manuscript
• Junius Manuscript
• The Exeter Book
• Vercelli Book
• Categories - pagan - Christian
• Language - Latin - Old English
PAGAN POETRYEPIC
• Reminds of pre-Christian oral tradition as for
- metre - themes
ELEGY• Theme loss - of a lord - of a friendship - of a beloved one
• First person narrative• Melanchonic and elegiac
tone
-- mith / heroes
- struggle against evil-dignity of sacrifice
Formal Elements• KENNING
• CAESURA
• ALLITERATION
• Cutting edge /sword
• Pause in a line of poetry
• Repetition of consonants sounds
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