prehistoric britain
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PREHISTORIC BRITAIN. THE IBERIANS Stonhenge 700 BC THE CELTS 55 BC THE ROMANS first invasion 43 BC first settlement 410 BC withdrawl. THE ANGLO SAXON. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PREHISTORIC BRITAIN THE IBERIANS Stonhenge
700 BC THE CELTS
55 BC THE ROMANS first invasion43 BC first settlement410 BC withdrawl
THE ANGLO SAXON• 410 AD The Romans left
• The Celts alone asked Germanic Anglo-Saxon mercenaries for help
• 455 AD invaded England
Where did the Anglo-Saxons come from?
• The Anglo-Saxons left their homelands in
- northern Germany - Denmark
- The Netherlands
and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats to Britain.
Who were the Anglo-Saxons?
• Mixture of Germanic tribes - the ANGLES - the SAXONS - the JUTES
• divided the country in 7 Kingdoms
• The Anglo-Saxons were warrior-farmers
• loved fighting and were very fierce.
• tall, fair-haired men, armed with swords and spears and round shields.
• small villages• Anglo-Saxons houses
were huts made of wood with roofs thatched with straw
• The biggest house in an Anglo Saxon village was the Hall, the Chief's house.
He lived there with his warriors.
OLD ENGLISH• Union of the Anglo-Saxons languages
• They were illiterate
• runic alphabet
OLD ENGLISH / GERMAN ORIGINS• The first Anglo Saxon Villages
named after the Chieftain (Leader of the village).
• These places often have the letters 'ing' of 'folk' somewhere in their name, often at the end.
• The first part of the name was most likely to have been the name of the local chieftain.
• The people who lived in the 'village' of Hastings were 'Haesta's people'. Haesta was the chieftain.
• The people who lived in the 'village' of Reading were 'Redda's people'.Redda was the chieftain .
OLD ENGLISHInfluenced by Latin
AD 600 Christianization - people baptised - churches built
THE VIKINGS AD 800• The Vikings came from
Scandinavia
- Denmark
- Norway
- Sweden
• Sailors and raiders, the Vikings came across the North Sea
• farmers, fishermen, trappers and traders. Viking craftsmen made beautiful objects out of wood, metal and bone;
• Viking women were skilful weavers, produced fine, warm textiles.
• King Alfred, Saxon king of Wessex, fought them in a great battle, but he could not drive them right away and had to let them have part of the country, called Danelaw.
• Place names ending in –by– by meant farm or homestead (village). These places mark the earliest Viking settlements. • Derby - A village where deer are
found
• eg. Derby, Rugby, Whitby, Selby, Grimsby
Aglo- Saxon prose and poetry
• Oral tradition
• Scops and Bards
• Historical memory created by repetition
• Written tradition
• Christian Scribes
• Foundations of literature
Anglo Saxson Poetry / 4 Manuscripts
• Beowulf Manuscript
• Junius Manuscript
• The Exeter Book
• Vercelli Book
• Categories - pagan - Christian
• Language - Latin - Old English
PAGAN POETRYEPIC
• Reminds of pre-Christian oral tradition as for
- metre - themes
ELEGY• Theme loss - of a lord - of a friendship - of a beloved one
• First person narrative• Melanchonic and elegiac
tone
-- mith / heroes
- struggle against evil-dignity of sacrifice
Formal Elements• KENNING
• CAESURA
• ALLITERATION
• Cutting edge /sword
• Pause in a line of poetry
• Repetition of consonants sounds