potsdam, 4t. lawbefe^-

1 { t "0

<! ao

-S <o

'TW a so T 1IB n oo

ID SO i'j (io l-H f» 30 00

T a sj

"s"oo to w 11 00 13 00 1« 00 woo M 00

13 00 lft 0(1 IT 10 ao-uo as oo .10 09 06 00

100 w)

••-»*'*•*'•«> m-r y w r . n o r * i w e d t a « " i fci-t) a-tdtttouit l Hliu TO (Si&U,

••• ...Jii i. twiu. l a ii *r ften^«4yitl->ii»l. . ; / , . • l . , tKvn, tut «*.irjf Hun »f • [ » ( * o c c u p i e d , , - . i ^ h r fln.Jl.jK Wc.otiu w w h «Vi«)w41ttfljlot. .

,1« -rwtf.i uutiodtt 80 o i 'n l* e»cK. AnOfltmMmeot ' ,>...iUi* frw* < otJttu*rit>« G e t t . » Una, . ' . vjaiAiIr^HVisimiiriU a t r o t e * prtivldwl by U w ih-inWtwhtmn*iVr£irttitf)mit»M W.tt-retH.U«tT* . r»-Mi"!lt - w H u r u W - . t i U l U j . h l o in i d f t o e a . " „ 5 . r ! i ^ n r * K » Ufa b**r\fl.huna actual -i«*ilj»tlnn

• u tl -*-Uti(H. **. J1*y . A J i -

HolluC

A. i. .'_

Ivo>* H a U l , .i Htmot, mtat lit. wrnvr or Marital ami Ete,

i . t.. l-.iu.lara. N. Y. II. I . ivm rr»p,|o|07r ui« H-iHMt ifi ft-ry conrealont for tU public, tut u 4 H-wtl llwitourant aita^litid, whora Winn H M _ ,I I... bail »t all Sio'tlt. of Dm il.f. A fow man . . p i - " I*?.)*' •ftiiiirowlatwl ml thl. Hott..,.

. miMlitratn. »•« F o r o r t B o u t , •

u Murk". PalLi, K.iot of Hio BOK, O, 'if. rrKLSCB rr nili-lw. UcuU >iul c-j^rltncrf n l d x r.u ..whcdiaiwnln^ i*tHo» opon retioatbls potto, I o aJtlnBta, Coltun. e t IAWMBWCO., Jf.." W-Jy

V0L732 LUMBER MANiPfcerwES. , • ;

Wood Cisterns

A B E T H E , B E S T .

<"> , TMK t m O E I t S I O N K U In iir«i>ar«.l to nmn U. u

d t U » M AWl.MQt Mb, Oil tilt) ltliorU<Ht I»Jtlc«.w< rtOlltflmJi'Oi' I U J U C I , mnimfac tur f .1 f/".u j* l u m b e r , •trt.ngrjf min in . nmT well . iiw-i.Ki-i.iti , n • I tkn o u s t n u u n a b l o prlco*. Th<><t<, wiftiniif- < >, U r n s of t h m b O T a 4 « o i - t p U i m , wil l pir-spn tal i >'.,i ft» b t f o M p a r d U l l D Q . M It Will tu Uirlr *.IV)i(,ly;,

AH work mrnnkd . . / Auiini'r I'AI.KKH

FutxUm, Mwrch Ut, 1HT1.

POTSDAM, 4T. LAWBEFe^-<3^BKTf^ S. Y., THUBSDAY, SEPT. -25,1873.

. Aiuericim Hot*I, I'- .U-lam. N . Y. K. l ^ U » \ J » c . l*ropr l« ia i .

-•.-:«,! r ^ w i l l y imrt'towml «JI,J in«il* i o m » Upport -. ( i jauhirtttmiti lA. t»wi j i r o p r t o W n tBtiMt. W \ w r o • II'XHI & H o («1 M i M b i found I s titit I » H Of M u ;,w WiihthjB t irpcMo in tjew, wewotildM*. • -irmly auifcit the {inUUo p4tron»itt.

J n n o t i o n Hdmas. i- u . U t u Juui i t tcm, N. y . 0 . 0 . FHLTOK, "I^roffrT. J ,.» t » o u«w Iiuuni), b u i l t n c * r t h s Uuifiu I fr iw*. . , . - ^ 1 / furiii*l.u.J;,jifi i l t i u ftmplt kcoammo^Uuutt i ; -r tno l t , a«t ! in l i pubUo, • T b o p r o p r l o l o r h w t t * d ' > i .urf .•Tpertt?o>.-«, in .lotol k n e p t n g . t o i l fwU.otaftdttBt" tir l)tin-j;ikti^ tw-mafctriiU HOVMIM comvfj fUbU. T h n ^i ir -ntArt i iortb . . imlil l .: U roiUKJctfuU; wUcttef l . *Jtf

H-odaldn Hoome, i an'., f. Y. i). Wood 4 Son, Froprtotew. A yti.ni Livery n'.Uuljoil. t'*ii>iftiit;*tT<>co«'ra],i»<l'l*tuid

... , S t . R e g l * H o t * l . T h n t ' rapr io tor , E. A . S h a t l a c k , hj i f lou porclM,»od m i d jimtroTOil ttio Hote l l a r a r l i h t t l l * , l a t « n d i l o k f « . ) a» t[o(Ml 9 hotui» kn c * a b« f o n d l l a U i e i *

•"yurl*. Cal l s u d sco . p(A(fO to a n d from p o U i U m d » « y « - l y

ATTORNEYS.

T h e o d o r e ik. Swift. Attormiy a n d O u n n t ' l n r » t L a w , F t U a d u o . oorhBt u( Sr^fii mi . l i t i r i o t Bta . , N . Y- » t l

L n t i i o T E . W f t d U t c h , V l . r M J d t l V . v . I ' u l n J i m , S . Y. > w t i c t i U r »t t f t i -

^ C'kiw. N . BUfiy, i ' . *• I juvreneo w o f i t y , !*. Y . ,

. : i • •»• i r » ; Law, S o U r y f u b l l c « j d

.i • • ••rianr tu all l U l*r»ncb(*.

Erwin*

. ^ A, ilitckooot. 1 S « V j * / « m fliiwuat.

r>.U p i f t i e t i U r * rr**c-,. . ^ I J - U I r-*>*ell*l of W oW,

lti"Nu utiued pr ior tu a. • AH t-.immtt*jlc»Uon»

j ir'nyH-Htw-xr KlUwortb. V. Y.

Crory, .1 r.u4 St tUry P»bU<,

. . Vonoe , .-^iiu-* Agoal- QGUM orcr

& M c l B t j T « t • • . r*. *.aa •Wiri tor* l a S-udt<

J. [>. MelaTraa.

,Wm- H . W a l U c e , , • .V .. > fif'.'itur an-J i»Mmn*«toT, Pot*J*«a, &t-..wr-^, , 0 . >*. Y. Wi l l tjrro W* COdlttdfcd «t-v»utj«>o U W * J C i>ruoUco o f hta nr*r»wtf«i l a UH»

l c c n**xt -loor t*t i \ i t » i « : : r«*u.ur«f'i aflje*.

W. & J, UEYB0LD8,

.^•!»!!&v iUN>ra of

Doors and Blinds. W l W w i l o ' i l l k l n i U q f T.«jrr.h«r |V.r hnt> in.,! 'j.3

B l m r t r t o a T i m b e r , Moiililln-t*.. VYtwl-.w Kri.«« •> t n d Olapbou-d* gn\ o u t ti* on lcr"

F o t a d u u J i m c t t o n . W-?at t ldn'Iltu-lni r t « - r . ? . , i ]

IEP0RTANT. TESTIMONY

T o

S P A R R O W & 8WAN

M A S C P U T * ! . ' . I F ft"* U f

Door8\ 8ash, Blinds, &c,

F A L L I S E A N B -

AH *jr*J#r*i by OuUl ur ••Uw -

A, J . flPARBOW . * ! ' • (' -••

r i U < U m . Set»Uiab«r 3. l f l u

DQ0R8, SASH AVD BLINDS

M*taan>ftui«xl u u l f»r «JO-

G E O . B . S W A N . P o U d a n i , N , Y .

Ail jjrdor* by ttiiil •>» «-•«

Door*, nc.nnn.t'0 J BUcd» fruas Ti* i 1 M b . f r o m 3 t» '

Dr. LIGHTULL Sf?W P B A i T l r ' . t . i H AT TilF.

W o o d m a n H o u s e ,

< > 0 1 >K!N N I i U-G--

John's Gone off tfi-aay!

i U u

in{: any t^

"f-ti*,t four

fitVrl i t« T-.

•" lnElEraf f - l 'S t^ ins -*

MlQ-

M C B P ^ T <fc JTJDD, U.r*t**)» <vn.l *^wui*"Itira. P Q » d « B . J a o c t l u n . ftt-• • I<AWI-«OC« C o u n t y . N . Y.

Planing MiH& Lumber Yard. T A E E I S E A N B . , P o t » d f t m . K . Y .

A flooo. wemim.wi ' if«".!»•-'* 'i~--*-> / V .•'•*'' b a i b l l n a p••^i,"•' ' *• r **•' 1 ' " J'" p U a M , a t wh.»!****u-- KT ("C-." M t r. 1'H-u.i' i - . .* L o s s b o r for BiiMbJaa ir,«v.i> *» -r - " b a n d , n o * » » d 81 -rwa I-"-—frsi.tf m- iwhod . Ai*o Sdlajj t t* , I j ja ."* Jti --FUnJt « fc i Call LKR»l>-'•• *ii ••* ' • .m's catnip ' e t tswds or «i>jjr*. *«•! • •—...

afcwrUat ncrtl^: -Mid to » « v * r . « i t.~- «r»» !•

OBO K a W o ' V * - " - - * - :<T

C a r r i a g e s .

J. W. CUTTING & BROTHER S a w y o r & R a u * I l i

Lovr i . C. b « n « .

n . c l y u i t b " ( i r ^ - u . ^ « f l a « In all l u b r « > c f c « . , l l ra*bfr f a l l * . St . L a w w i c a Co« S . t .

Geo. B . StfUT, U t n m « »1 U » .Sid S o u r j 1 -uUl* m c b o l r t l l j . (It L « r - . ^ OmM'r. ». T. **W

J . M o l T l U e F e M ,

» v.. « UiiinKi to »n »tiinn !"« " <*• • • •* ' M..M 0/ I' ». Wolaoll. rot*laut. S.I . "; «»-u

PHYSICIANS.

John l»i«re», r vwut. »o.1 Snt»?<iii. njflil«n»->*«"*»',0,i-17 j . m } . ! ' , i ,!?tati . . Rtn •!««*. Pota to . *J

Champtta te VtOlar £ T » * 1 E , , » „ I S , 1 7 " ^

mm. t» «lti.«rfl'.„S.« fl»ti te "^gj t e t

u t w^ n.t-*t •» «" «"< • " ' J ' ^ . ^ r J S I t t !

, r . W - K « l f» t UWUOOltU O o a l b O M j » » » • * * .liml .t ft" r.(M. f»» 1*^2J}5^J^ . *"

J ^ C j L U H j O U S .

S. 0> Oraan, «ln-r.t lMijt,nt» »»»til. W«. «lr;.Ma let* il.nl Ml«!» (two lw«t«Kl»< *n» l« i**

KABTJFACTOKV, F A L L ISLASB.

F l I t S T t X A i W SXStH.F. U N l i l*"t HI*1.

Wagons, Carriages, Pharftros

OPEK AND TOP BVOflliS,

Light

...... H*"l 1

l ; - l . ! , ,b i l j i | l

i i>*nr Hi: - I d>:>-u\ H my duty to ad-. M-i1- thus*) .'fflictci *«uh catarrli, to ap-I ply to jot bpl.cui.fj that, nfler liaviog

i ur'-'[ iity ase, Upt yj iLa£(?_iii)Je toenre j itiniH-t &&• csuw A thtadreadful malady. \ i h o i i i t\vi nmuth** ftffo I place*! .mysell

Jdcr yep - mr-iiryl i-tirf, after having I tbo * ' jwi :iiui.'-r ("'jfi-itiiftnitioa for

wiruVtim pt**n.»a«t l-^-atuse I have, ••for.?\i>! sn^ t-. yf,H. tried many doo-,

'.ir r« mMi «, Tfitbotit reccir-\wfit

r wni i ty papera for the -wi L-i- that yaa , b r . Light-•elirvy. n, m i c y reliabJo and

•» of C)gtieiuibtirj>r,

UK-AU ..tiS-Jiai Jftm, I -WCUJ in-.'. ••'-.I to nil.' • t r i a l \ f your skill aii'd *.. tttti..*D !»••; - J «::r.*^agasD lstbj4»r', i: ,i I io< i...ii't*» J**-* iht-ViappiniH*a to . i u.v . :i • , t" iL.>»•*• r-iiWaitd frfoa rF7'itri"raT • ' fTi7i.;!"t''TJtnTTTn.ir--Te sfcW,—

1 .tm i eaty year-t •• f a '»«. aii4 have hint the atarrh tn tw wntst foi atK<nt ««1TO j-t . i> Tbo dii satliy Impaired my g-^iTui health. VOA HOi able to : ri-alK" through m; U'fM1; |h sense of -.;i.--I. was tmttrtly i^.,(iyjiK= m r bpftatli ww, revoitingly ot-ff^iMTe, n« in mW:t«'-:: to all theaw dia* i r ^ a i n ^ -<TJapfeaaA, I v w wrioosly af-tV't«4 i.*i(}i biwetlii.h,' at thf busf, It

" 1 ofcrnrnr.^' *•> i-ftrf-n" as U*n .^y and a-T.-r t>-<t3*.'<lT flatirtily, 'Oft day, f"r llio past twelve

' • f^ ' i l and (FT--U<1'I f«H natnral-4^st my-rViidiuoa, and. hence are rtflal fiw tb* ajraplete fmccgsa, •. «KI-STI««L1 yonr efforts in my

"5I^il »tU» *A ir-^-r 'Vt*,! iryndorfully, *.j thgfc feci an ersurrt n«-w Lv?ing; I can now &• -43b *** f1 ** •"*•-• ''-^y *s •**Iiy •.>»6, not t|£ ijlisi at all.*my breath ui no U.ng»^r ^msive , I uar-- r.--5 t rW at tbo aosaifer <as 'X'hnre IH^UI un-.lt*r yotir CUTV. .-*.nd t j -«n and n* K~I ••anu^xly ad viae any <$T txgabl"! with r * u r r U , no mat>-lar i fo OJoVJi, aal-wliau-»cr they h»ve o i r c ^ o w d . t" !'!-*'•*• tb^nwrUua, with­out &«. -it^tlon, >.:.l'-r yi»«r admtral>l<? brca^i. 4ij,{or U.T-** If. 1 uhail avxxr enter-attt ^ i I^^BM V K»^1 *""» T t , t l- nJ"*' ** I aOi • 4 ' » jw--^ ' c i a ^ - ! have rii-fttwa., od"oij iSifaJiStSt. -1 T\ Bmwnt'U.uf Uii« piai^iv. tt^o ja >t.T«-r-uiut with my con-dltl& fJ$5A an-.i i«n-***ut. to add bi*i s^c-na^&.- Kttny own, snd h<» wtU-cheerful­ly fe ilfWt-U.' VK.T»- fact*:

' t I r.. !STE H r* 'K) .AKT

.1 V I tKOWNKUL.

ltV JOIIKifl. I V

It baa c o m o BbuuHl I f<*nrt»l t t w o t i l l : 'yt-H, J . 'ha'B

g o n e off t o - d a y , ' And left m a al(»u« o n a laurt-jag'-t! farm. w l tb» .H ft y

m e a n s t o p a / , . 0 « n o off w i t h t b o v e r y w o m a n w b « lian U a M ' t n i i

for ycura , \Vbo li&a plantiwl m y p a t h w l l b Ihorr.A. w-bilc I

*ffftt«red t b w n w i t h m y t * a n . *

"PeruapB ' t la futfUnh ttV'mn.i . i i . p e r h a p s 'tin t«-' . tcr

«o :

W h e n l o f d ffo**ti o a t of "t'bfl dvn>U,iif£. ttio l*>*«*l*'*iB m a n aboiiUt go. ' '

B a t tbo h e a r t c a n ' t l e t a" / ."Ic l t ly f r o m the <-a-f It

ban l o v e d no loug,-

Tboi i f ih aitddaaTy •JdtW't tbn teropuat , t h w i g h t e n - l -

b l * b e t b o wrooa ."

1 gat-a b(n> m y y u n t h f a l l o t e In t a o fjic l i s n w Orar

the aea. T b r o o i j b a l l tli« y ^ r a of o u r wedtl^il l lfa bi> b e a r !

baa b « a n t m a to m e , T1H tbla w o i n a n earn* to o u r UV.*>, w i t h ber fine

• h o c p ' a c l o t h i n g o . — T o prt-iTO b a t a -volt, aa « b « b a a t o - d a y , b y m i m i n g

a w a y w i t h J o b s .

It la hai'il to work , aa I h«T<i w o r k e d , fur love a n d a

lnjtnfj w h i n o l d . T h e n ' A n d I h a v e u>Ya#r'- i n o t b i t i a b u t f o n d hT>po

d e a d a n d .-old It U h a r d to Itfto. a» I haTc t' i i-«l . Ui«n hc&t l h ^ o l d

i w l g b b o T s a s r -J o h n w o u l d a . t ba7t» d o n e UiU a't i .ng brjt I mruldo-l

h t m ninhl a n d d a y ,

Ttwro'J-Kj't the proof m a>rtptnre that Adsnj w a a

Atom to f i n : Tfcorf l - l»n't**wlfe ar u a d b « f l m o r s pati-ant t b * o .

I b a r e b e e a.

A w m n a a ' a toni ine m a y dr i - . - * m a n ' m i t <rt"OHf

btraaa for a » l i l l 3 , B a t to l e a d h i m aatray form \vt«4»m"« wiy. tt.cro's

n o t b t « g l ike b«sr BUJIIC

t w u the BtDili> o f t b i J e v i l irytnat),*f*n.a the h n t w y

ed wor<i« of U^r wojpw. 1 4 -

T h a t a frot tered lo**'» c"*den bowt, a u d :-r-tr'i tnrn*-

fa l b a r p nnatr-ntj^

W o e s Iba aur-p-eat'-s eH*rm la br*>k-*-». at"i

M»JM*a back to h£« m i n d .

He **tB a i j b a j a l o for t i f l t r t l i . l*'* <>f ti-* bear*, b e

feu left behi&d.

» . i l T.Jl»t bT 4-51=^

WlD t r a n to tbo do.-r {.-- nv-

M a i h'\nw) w i t h a kl** 1

rVipj*V|W I do It. EffStlVor • -«in**-r7 o

It'a dacer-Wrtu » t t l i ^ * t i b « M t t b t K » a b * « o at tbi*. h * l m a* lomjj

And t b « 7 t h a t are p r o a * V* <rr'.l t-borj'.*

forgi***' a wmn.

I o f t*n u k i f - r a / fllbU. t h e *« t i - ' r T - r j i

• t a n d ,

« A d raad i f the f r o d ' . r * ! »vn ,.^;„.*3*j L-

*4oS i*£nin-> l * n d

Dldfl ' t t a * laabwr m i r t " £n>-t t . s : i !>..:

A.sd « r d * r t b * fats*d n.lt in.ii>-d t » . = 3 i £ . - l

ofT»!>y»

I " weiccsiM Ji^ixa T*B^O b. •ravward r l . J

M ir-«--l ta a S'fSrl"iWa;

i V j - t a j t*i- U

Il wUl c o m e

a o c a * t o o n

T«t{«tJs>M' •»•»'•* •==•»•£ *"** » C'-dA-n *.

i * s ti^rp w*'il tfta^.

7 U * o t a » f»ti*<l caif 1"U klB e o d

aprvad a r « c n d — x \

\ I y J-sttn. UwKiab &+*A ••» a i ^ * « # » i a

b * K^*» t» P c a - l . \

••-•B, J i b i t « m i-nra-c

O ^ - J C D !i»»i.

|gisceUa«|

.PtM*. . G, A. SoVH*"***-

IfeMWft. "fl r in l .tiMt,'(**« tmr».i Oaa'i»!»tnW: »• f- «•«"*«, .InutM <4 wtWla M«l iirlwl* WBiUtypl WM* W Mi"

t h ' « V MU

, t..i..t.Ui «.htef 0. X. ««>•*«=•» f t . » < i u«>it .»4«t • MfMtj. »«*r * ., , |t«i<.l>art.r» WW >l 9- Bj <?«»»«;

... . i isHton.trarlltt, ran .llMa l» •*""

M.,s. UP. aail di.mlir.rfc rmlnla. - . , lSttr.au. 1-UM Wli»« Mil ... w tXT* Woort. •»•» »>• , . . ••,. rurallj 0n»»il». Jr.,

w-i*

, , , , l i**p.r i l i8 14H1 . K i l o .. . , 4 . i l t a « p M m ' t a n t l ?

, . . - , . rtttlpr. wli ltUi e l » M . i l , . tv\. _

•osm.tsVeHiKMmY l'r»ty» MIU«. II. V.

Bt innois W'agt'ti. Farni WagoK".

A U . m a t s Ui o n l c t ar.y a m i a!

- C a r r i a g *5,«tr alec* of rami.** u - 11 »«*MJwt

Kttn QO.LTTT. Tti.lt vutameo aJv bot-Mo

vvooi> -Airo IKON WORK, JUad I . d w i s n . « r « l a t l t a». i But . ) ' . ' i f ' •»'

M . o » . a < » U » ! a o j « 1 .

i : ^ ^

rolatlatn. »»J l. t*^

cUKrlTf.s' -.1,1, ..hWf«t'

1H41 BATCHELOER & SON

W a o l A U t a tnftftnfMtarora oS

Fi i r i i i t nTe , I t p M r l a l v . . . l ' * * * 0 . ^ .

BaoteftKca, ^ i t r ' 1 ' " 1 *

ChuroVPowa & School Seats,,

HY-iivy 0 « * at Bi«>!>»t%a trout.«i«j E a r , ^ « S H 4 bj- S c a r l e t Tei»T.

^ t^.i t » « i a . . . V . I * M I . Sit. 1 ^ 3

Ttrair tjfcMa ;.

I l l (&»• '• Ba|l(>v to add OT"iw>t'i-itikK- S T O U T »1.IU ius.1 mairnor «I truat-, nib'' ivh dwirtma that olhfr partitM wfit t»y liin.. , liildwu aphotod as ray

,n , tu ib . J4». 1oi tta... 'altftiUl nsiji tlto bontiflt' «t»«i". o t j .r e s m r n i u t ' . I cheerfully ..t*"P*3er

yov I M « fur ;iao» for.publication. My d l » . terSiw.ii .Iam\ ngtnf suvort yoars,

•Aii v n aflltvi.il trttlt-duwliitrgtw Irora tfit rs, aci>t'..i«un'«i by n very tiScn-alv* ittMl. an 1 ti'ir lipartng waa sadly ifc' MHI, I!IV ntiult t»f sirarlot levor. tij>. i m i r a h a s a Ip lac fdmycl i i ld ' till, vonr •••.&•. and 1 am hspfiy to rav t j j . lie r lnvi .i s-a have ewtjod, tlw bad i&n. ti»» outtr. ;v itlsatpp<.nrctl and her tfri. .g m i t f i ' '-fly Iwttrtf, nnd sloatUly fin. tviag. I ti n|de al Slnnglo C r a A . ft;, ^:tcp1ln t , ' , l t am -well.ka-iwu to

% W&'» V• . lv. o( Ogvlt'JJsburg. « . F? KawMtl! UGUT4UCU.

i m i

A D P R E S S et

QES. BEHJAMIK F- BUTLEB. t'ttil trrryi V*-*'nr»* lA>* *V ^nrt~*»>'v ' V««*t_V

.-t ri<*"^»f' ••' . V « ' ' v , '-*' fA**»r - 1 * ' " ' " ! ' F ur; hrUi ,H '"•r.j.'on. ,V. I", .^;**m-

<Vr lfUA. 1J(7;J

rtKS. U L T U E n ' - i A D D K E S S GIVKX U S I t B ^ l T i l

I S m x - E F F E C T O p l > T > E I ! T l t E > T I'l*-

OS f « B P l t - H T i - E R a - * * r \ t AS T o r ( M l . "

"I-WKT T \ ) t l . S O T . 5 E I T H 1 3 1X» TTIET

S P T S . " '-ytuiin^Aoia* on FARMS, A

SritB AST> SrVEB FAU-ISO (*Bi>P.'" --"FAninFots D*IN'T MonTOAas T«i R n ,

itA.vtitE, n r r * i » BriiA) >IANS.\B.D

KO IiFft."- ADV.'-E, TU-rSTBATtONS. *r.

At ft few mimiltw past 12 o'clock,-don

S. M. C'irtts, Prvaidcnt of tbo S*ciety,

intr winced tioti. Butler to the aadionoe.

Qix\ iWtlur »jvok&'s abaw'l> •««' -li^i$r, as

fol low

If niattrn* were always n^rr^^lp:^l in

this world .«Tactly as they should tH\Tnsii

Oftt'V l>-»ktt« 1L gfttc of Doafitess and.Cafarrh.

& in El*orjr,

>3f

- , tl MadUnft-Btaip.

.. > . v, »Uuua. l*«tp A bo-l

' .,.. R I'Sty t » ° ' o r •

; ; « ( . . ^..«.. .Viwit/kicfBWi 'o 0 ™ t e r -«»-lwm«mHira'Bi|iW. An*m to. «tl

F l u O x C . Sawing . , Sltaplt 'K i

,iul T t t r u l n ^ 3

Ttioa* k«»tn« ETDTMBBR K«iaa hi vail -I- ,w

*»-«ln.l> an Ulanil. I««l »<"'*« ''"'

utii-n

ill lli-.l U a.lvaiilfc-^

% 3f=.0"X*«*3X>-*V**.

6f. V. •' I' -/.^.-sw-'-' • ^ p a b l i . t -1

MMiBlr. •' "Olttiiint. I •it*jit't>< -IK >4|ftw" | L i

. p t t i t - . i . t |^.GBtr -

S> .iiwiiot sa I

. ' ' I . . . . wt J / / . l u H V l />ry '•>l*,a.^ry

.-. I i u a t u a l

, rmit t»o Ui a.ty tb tungh \ .mr pnpt-r that I hov'« . and l Irttal iifftnam-nt . irratrtttsntut Dr. Ltght-.« and fatarrli with whiulv ailliftVa. I .rf«t\rd liini .1 i>rartitiom-r ta tlviwo

trm»tag ,i - .*t'{i, and most dtot-rful-(®rna t ' i i - l Imn l 0 V"KOna s»n'oring ntSttenfr-•/•/• V««US W}y. . ,

,,'; J. L. Ihusrrotf, u'f at J . H . Austiu'a.

New Kagiaud Livery Stable, a y Q U O . a . »WA*».

,«f»wr««*ftv'T«K ravjan, mun MAW* «••,

VV tiuraw anil <i«n,t»r,t'«.tl .11 toaw, rail ™"f maal fvaaanaltlB turtii*., HHMlBlliKKit (lit tSlftw oWmiUntaKt.

ftaUiUn. J.li««r". I«»J- - - - '

OontBliito fta4 Pe rmanen t Cuto BUiidneas. •

for

Marble Wortaf 0 « ( WW " r ' r*# j»a«fnt n o w •

9Hf

Sl i ing l e s

0. W. LEETB

" ^ •'•r-TB«o.3atpii NaUtfc Tito l»»«- NAlMiilAm All «iW. J » » '

- Hid iiniill«rNifip to Klpil' IMH.

^ $ £ * f , ; 0HAS. V,|

•"aSSta.*

MARBLE* I • ' 4 ; ; | ;

AMEBtOAN A NO i T A U A ^ r

I MONDMBNTSH'^.S^VI.^VS

W L W * 0'BIUEN,_aij«ljito|

S B A S S ^ W S I »«•'•• owl'"' »j

i ( ,n ( M r 'rv r n*t<«, v - t c i i/'itir*-

0*j.l«',aaburu. A p r t U I8T5-

C^atBto coi-UfVUmt my gmndriio-•r, Mrs. ..oi.**v l>i.y, of Doptwa^r, w is County wiw cured of blindnosa by r. UffUthill many ycura ago, and Uiw ii«b !*r our Ristcen yenw. oajoyed adVeal-jht Tholiid,

£>epi')*tfr. St-

,dy ia now about J . W. "WAt-KKit, I A W . 0 o . , N . Y, .

dliat '^riaioh' i i -uehtaud fitting in itself over stood for the fact, Ch^rt- would W a very Middcu change of place bt'hveen tlu* ni*n»bcrsi>f th« audif»tu-e byre nnd the-Bpeaker. He would tak«s tlieir jw-at' and ait attentively silent, while alui<^t any man of ymi iastntetetl him in t he fn \ r ti*»U arts'of agnculfitro; for ho cannot ultiitn eveij t*> be iui -amateur Ijinner— tino of thoso gentlemen having iiicnnn », proferyuonal or other, who employ some practical man to till the land in n fanci ful manner, costing ihr'tsS timca more id leti-st than tlic return, and then claim to bo farmer*, and who, if the Granges of tbo .Yost, of. which wo in t he E a s t hear so much and know so little, should be-conn) ft political power, will offer them-solves in candidature for Uiov&rionsplu-coa uudor tbo gv>vernment, beennao they aro farmers. Nor will they probably be deterred by tho aad oxperiaaco of lust yoar, of a mutt who, because b e hod auc-ceeifctl in hw profession us n journalist , and of hU supposed populnrity from his ititermetldling with agricul ture , was nominated as -candidftte, witTi n result which .all. men remember, nnd a entoa'tro-phy which all m o a m . ^ • ...

Still thoro nro questions of interest to" tlte agrioultariat us ft part , a n d tho -very foundation part , of tho pooplo, which one who ban given any considerable stu­dy to tho history of his country, And tyke effect of its logisTntion upon i t s pooplo, and tho unchanging lawn, by attention to which success may only bo . achieved in every business pursuit , m a y discuss' in tbo fow ininutoa tha t aro allotted -to us perhaps with BOUIO profit nnd inter­est to Uw farmer.

Tho tendency of our poqplo. whether in their national, municipal a n d social organizations, or in, their pergonal ea-

,'paoity, to go in to d-abt, ejinuot havo es-' capwt ' iho attention of every discerning

mind. Indeed, dra'wing dnt f t s on the* fntrtre, payable by postoritj;, and bur doning tlio .present gehqmt io r r - to ' pay 4-ho interest, is the re^orVftircwriwiugon' all ftutcrprlaoa, nnd-haa- noanmell flucb proportions, and is fraught with snob oonacquoluecfl, that tbo mind of the abitesmnu and tho philosopher ,qf polili-ool oeouomlco may ivoll bo torood to it

with thegreateatattention, if notalarra, becanfHi of its possible remits hpon (-nr future naiional prpsperity. .In thi. in-qriirv, no s e t of meri, no p a r t of our peo­ple are so much ' in te res ted tin' the tiller of the soil a n d the worker of tho mine ; for upon therq, a t last, m u s t *orae all there is of b u r d e n that Bliall atiao fronT' it, aa from them, ' ' a t first, conies «11 the production ojgt of which that burden must ha borne." The p roduc t s of the soil or mine may bo manipulated by the artisan un t i l the i r value ia many fold in­creased, y e t t he artisan mw»t still be sup­ported from t h e prodneta o(.-the soil Vq'hilejie ia increasing t h a t va!uo wldeh, afUiy all, m a y b e speculative and intriA-H

« c at best only a s by the nsiti of the fab­ric, lifo-may be ' suppor ted or p roduc t ion increased- " . * . , ' '

Our na t iona l government isoWtti'g'two thousand' mil l ion dollars, on which we are paying, as/interest, a n average of ris­ing sis per cent . , r eckoning that inter­est in.the currency with which all o u r products a re measured . . At least three-fourths-of t h a t amount i s doe to foreign bankers and capitalists. If this were all, and no o the r conseqaoncea arose from it, there n e c d ' b e little anxiety, and it would hardly bo worth the at tent ion of the statesman or economist, in calculating the future of tlie nation. --Divided am­ong forty millions of people, in a coun­try of the expanse and resources of ours , it would bo easily managed.

But every State ' in th i s -Union,, with lumlly an exception, h a s debts amount­ing in the aggregate to qui te four hund­red millions. Bub our 3 indebtment does not stop there . Qui to every county , every city a n d town^n every State in t he Union, owes debts, more 'o r less, t<& an apionnt, in \h<* aggregate , to perhaps one half as much as t h e debts of the

a_ iJiate3, '4neluding the advance* made^or municipal, railroad and o ther l ike enter­prises. ' v

Nor do we htop there . -Our^railroads have borrowed, and a r e "owing a bonded debt, six hundred 'mil l ions. Nor does the furor of indebtment yet atop. Al­most every college a n d ' institution of !cur:iing, from the modes t academy u p to the University, each and all owe sums

j of which an approximation a m hurdly ', b - m a d e , anil which "no statistics show. | Kay, we go still farther. We draw upon j posterity to*get the means of hearing • the ( iospe l . All kneref that a very l-i-rS^ j majority of" tbi* t-boosahds 'of-rhTnrh-Cai-' which the census shows have buildings dotting our lands, have be<*n bar-It pn

i crcili-t given, in fact by the coming gen-' eration.

( The gildeil spires t h a t point the way to heaven, bnt remain on ear th ; the

} clubieft of -bells that - harmonionsly call the worshippers ; t he organ that dis-

| courses sweet music to 5-well the chorus of tbo a n t h e m which debghL-i thu ear; •;he gorgeona cairving a a d np-holstery that ado rn > the pul­pit anvi garnish" the altar, are t«K> -oft­en tlae e m b b m s o f d e b t ; th.> drafts' are drawn t<> t«? paid by th. ' future produc­ers from t h e soil, m a k i n g i n a i l a n aggre­gate approximat ing, a a ^ c a r a* can be rr>ekom?d. to five bi l l ion dollars; a s-um «j vast, t ha t the s ta tement of it carries •u?*rcoty- a definite'id»sa to th«' mi nil. _

Its v e r r magn i t ad - astounds ' the re-tKvtivo faculties. A . g r * | ' of i t s e l e c t

raotical c o n s e q u e n t s may be bet­ter a t ta ined, by reflecting, that the in­terest n V i a this sum. ' at 7 per-„ cent, eurrtsney; >awhich may be taken perhaps as a mciiu Ate, will -amount to three hundred fifty milln-n dollars, or more than fifty d u i l a r s \ o each voter in the UniU-l S ta t t s , aiSuming U» large number of seven mil l ion voters.

Of all th .s great dbbt the por t ion re­presented try the rai lroads oaly, oxpon-de<l in the improTed,u ,e thods\ f trnns-porttvtiun of passengers "and freight,, which is aa aid to prodnct&u, anS. i& in fact, product ion itself, can be saidN Biiy "considerable degree to havo gon^ for anytHngtIi t t tCfiir taid-in p a y m e n t of ei ther of the pr incipal or interest.

Of course the proceeds-of tho nation­al ,debt were des t royed in the _war; and while' no patr iot d o n b t s the necessity for that expendi ture , or that the great re­sults achieve*;! by i t we.ro worth all tho cost; yet the economist must accept the fact t i ia t this must , till paid, rvmain a burden upon tho productive energies of our people. '

Of tlie State deb t s , nub»tantially»tbe aom« may be said. They are ei ther the rv.i./.mi of the war, expended in the en­l istment of our soldiers, oi' have been cmitr-toted in rivising expensive and/or-nament'al public -buildings, or itvcar­ry ing tin the goveflrnmeuK of t h o S tk t e by Expenditures in excess of tasfation,--or in, aiding enterprises- ir i some' cases of doubtful ut i l i ty . So, also, with counties , towns a n d cities, costly mar­ble a n d granite pub l ic buildings, court-J honees that show t h e tasUandg^nerallyv i , ,£ the oxtravagauoe of tho architect , jails, houses of correction, and pr i son* that in m a n y parts of t h e country far exceed in architectural beauty , and in comfort­able appur tenances , the houses of any bu t the most o p u l e n t of the farm&rs; all do not iu a n y way tend to aid the production of tho means to pay ei ther ' interest ttr pr incipal of their c o s t

T h o expendi ture for our churches

a n d inst i tut ions of learning certainly do

. n 0 t . n d d . t o ^ t t * : . . p i » f l n ^

pay our dubte."

Now, if all these vast sums were owed

to each otflc*,- i t wi l l be soen a t a glance

the other impoverished by what each leceirea and pay i b n t tho nation still not poorer. And so with all other olaas-es of our indebtment to oarselvea.

Therefore, a t first blush, i t would seem tha t th is great indebtment shows no 'g rounds for suspecting deter iorat ion in the prosperi ty of$ho nation, a t least as to our nat ional indebtment a n d a s w^ll as tha t of the^Sta tes / If all o u r governmental and ' o the rdeb t s had been absorbed a n d retained by our own citi­zens., we, as a nation, so far as t he pay­ment of the interest ia concerned, sho 'd have no bu rden or d ra in on OUT resour­ces. A (moment ' s thdugh t will '-show-that, if all our debta were owed t o our citizens alone, our resources as a peo*> pie wonld ne i ther ,be increased b y the pay1inent,'.n.or diminished by thei r be­ing doubled. .,/,

At the close of the war, BO far aa t h e national debt was concerned, th i s was indeed t rue . I t was all owing t o our own citizens, and B&, therefore, n o t a burden upontho^oouinry1; . T h e reason why substantially none of i t was due abroad was, that t he bankers of E u r o p e , dur ing the war, wquld not take our bonds, and if they did, it was at th i r ty cents on the dollar only, paid for those which we are now buying back from them-at one hundred and one h u n d r e d and ten cents on t h e dollar, because Congress has passed lawB that all our foreign indebtm'ejit shall be paid in gold, whatever may become of our cur rency to 'each other . O u r railroads also have, by-the re-establ ishment of our c red i t i a Europe , been able to borrow t h e very largest p a r t of their, indebtment abroad, secured b y the p ledge of S t a t e and county bond.i, and. the lands which have betJlT granted to aid in bu i ld ing thenv—and-the mortgages u p o n their_ property and franchise.

Because .our^debtj national, S ta t e and

railroad, is ta&en n p by -foreign -bank­

ers comes the real impoverishment of

the nat ion. We mus t .pay each year

abroad, in gold or i ts equiyalent , for

whiclTwe and our posterity after us aie

to receive no benefit, one h u n d r e d and

twenty ' million dollara a t

as interest: on our national, Sta te

and other • bonds . F r o m tha t

no re tu rn shall ever come. ' E a c h year

creased; b u t the t ime when we shall cease to sell our promises to p a y will suwdy c o m a Even- then we shal l not at once feel the pressure of a foreign drain of our rceourceS a» Ireland does, beoftusa I re land ia an old settled coun­try. I t .could only increase i t s p ro ­duction a limited amotult beyond, wha t was necessary for the;; support of i ts people, and that be ing overdrawni and . no th ing coming back; to supply the drain, of nec-easitrf, poverty a n d ru in followed. We... .haTe received f r o m thenoe the very productive labor which I re land and E u r o p e have lost, w h i c h , ftp-plied t a the virgin soil of our oojintry to b r i n g i t under cultivation, b e c o m e s highly profitable and remunerative a s a means of paying" our dobta. • W i t h all our advantages we must not forge t the day w h e n wo mus t p a y our d e b t s , and the in teres t upon them approaches, and tha t we cannot pay the intoreit aa here­tofore b y new debts .

I a the" "prodUotion of that w h i c h is consumed io suppor t life of m e n and

cement in knowledge, and t h e arts of. agriculture, and we speak with fcuvuful c utentpS of t he nemi-b ivb^rous Chi­nese; yet they util ize every; ato:a of mat ter which m a y enrich "tho snil, «nd are t hus enabled to produce .liinre bf the means of sus ta ining life an"V feeding a people from a rod of land fctm.i we ob tain from an acre.

B u t this drain upon resources by the . payment of .our deb t abroad.from which, we get no return, is not the only evil of our system of indebtment. T h e invest­ment of money a t interest simply, and no t us ing it in manufacture, agr icul ture or otherwise in aid of the" product ion or preparat ion of tho comforts a n d neces­saries of life, raises up and supports , of necessity, a ' ^ o l a s s of non-producer3 which, living upon incomes, t h e princi­ple of which doea^ffit. aid in produc­tion,, makes t h e m \ho very drdnea of society, eating ou t a substance which they <'o not in- any degree* br ing into

Jbeing. There U no so expensive a class in a community as thoso who

animals , we have, as agrioultertstsr- -xa-rjrely-Uve-upGa-inc-omea -deriyed_fjcojB„

a whole, in ao farvaa the nat ional , State, county audn iun io iph ldeb t was.co^gern-ed. A, to whom the ( money was owed," would receive hia iuterUsVniuV-B would" pay tho taxes'; t h e only change being t h a t A would bo richer for the fcmoatit. of interest received^aud B poorer amoun t of taxes paid..

T h i s may aerve>"W|i,'nn^explttnalion of t h e ease with whk^Engla iu l* . -n s j . na­tion, has carried her liwtic-nal debt&r-of. more- thau four billions. ~ Substant ia l ly^ jKll-tsdno to h e r ^own* subjects . I t s ef­fect upon h d r people-we. wtil, considef hereafter.

St) with regard to our" raUrutuls. p ^ e -Ooives the dividends, and » ' pays high^ fares nnd freight , Uw ono enrichod and |

^mms fe»i,

there must be, and^will be, a d r a i n unt i l we pay t h e prinoipal . T h e p r o d u c t of our.silver and gold mines ^are in the neighborhood of fifty millions only an­nually, and are not largely increasing. All t h e rest of th i s t remendous drain must be paid from that whi*h is raised from the soil, and to be exported abroad ; and, as oar commerce now stands, that mast be freighted in foreign vessels;-and from it is to be deducted no t only the freight on land which, however ex­orbi tant , being pa id to the rai lroads, ia not wholly lost to tho country , b u t the freight in Bhips bear ing a foreign flag, owned by a foreign merchant, who car­ries our exports across the ocean, and exacts h is freight in gold, for which no th ing comes back. ^ -

Now, as our statistics show tha t as a rule, for the last eight years , n o t to go back farther than the conclusion of tho waf, our imports of foreign fiierdhandise annually exceed our entire expor ts , in­c lud ing gold from our mines , which all goes abroad, you will na tu ra l ly ask me, How h a s the interes t in t he mean time been paid , and- how the balance yearly • found against us of the difference be­tween tho amoun t of o u r impor t s" and exports? I have juBt stated t o you that we owed substantially none of these Nat ional and State*debts contracted dur­ing the war to t he foreign banke r s at its close;- but we have been pay ing the balances of t r ade , which h a v e been against us year by year, by exporting our iuterest-bearing bonds, r u n n i n g for twenty and forty year*, a n d .selling

; them sometimes as low as sixty cents on the dollar, to pay tho interes t on the •onda themselves t h e n a l ready sold;

balances^ unt i l we have - sent out of tho country-odr notes or bonds to tho immemw sum before stated.

Now thWe imjst and will c o m e a timo-w hen this saia of bonds ab road must s top ; because B»nr national income ex­ceeds ' our expenditures, a n d wo" shall n o t incur-any newNleb t , a n d nothing w'iU.bo left^,us,with \ h i c h t o pay the in teres t VVtronWtot^w^ owe t o foreign­ers unless we export' more por t to an a m o u n t sufficient,"

W h a t the effect upon t h e naHbn of t ha t drain, wi thout re turn , must^ be, c anno t be doubted, You h a v e all hi of tho effect of absenteeism, a s it is ed, upon I re land, and how i t has been one of the pr incipal causes of reducing population of ono of tho mos t fertile iff-lands in the world from e i g h t millions to r is ing four, and driving away from

^thetf homes, many of those strong hands and s tou t hearts which we have received,—valuable addi t ions to the prodnoing^force of our country , What , then", is g l r i sh absenteeism? I t is idie owners of t h e si>il spending the ren t s which tltay receive- from the i r lands i n Ireland.in Eng land , where they reside, and not at home, so that t h e money a n d its value is wholly lost to I r e l and . T h a t amount is only about twelve millions o i dollars a, year, or two a n d a half mi l ­lion pounds sterl ing; a n d y e t appa ren t ­ly insignificant, tha t con t inued dra in u p o n the resources of Ire land, -Tuld ft, mismanagement of t h o - B r i t i s h govern­m e n t of tha t unhappy coun t ry , has re­duced thei r populat ion nearly one-half within a single generat ion, aud m a d e exiles" of a largo portion of a onoo pros-porous people. '

You uatural ly inquire, as like cauStStf" produce l i te, effects, why have we* not -felt tjie effects ourselves of our pay-'&Bn"#abroad ; for wo mus t pay our landlords, who aro not ownorsj of our

oil, b u t European bankers , in tho io of-Hnteres- on tho debts wo owe

thentNa'stim nin ih g rea te r in- amount a n d qjiJteqequal in p ropor t ion ; man for mnn, to t h K \ v^iaix h%i^impoTEoriahed

been skimming the Very cream from our lands , and at no very distant period, shall b e obliged tb go back and g o over t hem again and- renovate those which we h a v e worn out. The time is within t he memorj:^.cdinany.whoait,vbeforo*me. when the Genesee Valley p roduced the wheat a n d flour Which fed .New Eng-lamfo y e t within five years-wheat-raised bf l abor , costing two dollars a n d fifty cents p e r day, h a s been b r o u g h t from California, fifteen thousand miles round the H o r n , and g round in the mil ls o | Rochester^ in"the centre of t h e S ta t e of; New~Yorfe, to feed its people. New-E n g l a n d and New York next -xeceiyed the i r wheat from Virginia, r a i sed on lands now overgrown with d a r k pine

" sap l ings , worn ou t by wasteful and ex­haus t ive cul ture .without renovat ion. T h e n , S t " iLouis Honr. was t h e c favor­ite b rand in our markets; now, our b r ead is grown still further W e s t and N o r t h , and Jtlinnesota and I o w a are tho wheat • producing sections - of / the •country, and we look for o a r corn,

j w h i c h we once-produced a t home, to (-the lands of Ind iana and TJIihois prair­

ies, where, I admit , it is still p roduced i n such quant i t ies that, because ©ftEe exactions of railroads in the i r tariffs of freight for transportation of coa l , corn ia t h e cheapest." material for, fuel , were it n o t that be who burns i t is- bu rn ing the very heart out of the soil t h a t can­not always bear the drain of its life-blood without replenishing.

W e have been boasting and act ing as if we could supply the world w i t h bread-stuffs; and so we have, done a lmost , and can do, if the i ron horse is p e r m i t t e d to d raw our corn a n d wheat--'to tfio sea­b o a r d without too great cha rges , and n o t eat up t h e c rop before i t r eaches t he consumer; b u t we ...must remember t h a t for every bushel of- w h e a i ' t h a t crosses the ocean nothing comes back, which goes on to the land- a g a i n , even if we do not pay our debts Nat iona l or individual with- i t . Silks,' sa t ins , and broadcloths, which we receive, in -return may dress our sons aud d a u g h t e r s in t he goodly a r ray I see before me, b u t they do no t dress the land, a n d the ef­fect has been t ha t the wheat-producing sections of our pountry recede westward ea t ing up new lands, day b y day, in t u r n to be -given up", until -jumping tho alkaline plains, the Rocky, Mounta ins and the Sierras, we are b r ing ing the food for the populations of Eastern ci t ies, from the western s lope oft the Pacific, raised in the rich fields of Cal­ifornia, by; labor drawn from the mines, t h e only o the r source of produdtioh"from

twhich to pay our debts-abroad, and af­t e r theso-shah be exhausted ne i the r t he " S t a r of E m p i r e " nor the p roduc t ion of food can farther "westward takes i t s way . " L e t me give yon a n illaatration of t he m a n n e r ' i n which w e have used u p another natural product np.cessa^ry to- fihe ' h e a l t h and comfort of man, { which we dealt with as if boundless , as indeed i t seemed to be, a n d inexhanst-ablo as indeed i t was no t How have we AestroyecTouF pino forests , extend--ing in a belt between tho two oceans, a n d of t he width of ten degrees of lati­tude above and below the g rea t lakes! Within two generations w e have so de­vastated our forests sending lumber all over the world; besides u s i n g i t reck­lessly and extravagantly for ourselves, tha t we are now dependent upon tho dominion of Canada for t h e means of bui lding "and furnishing our houses with the same material t h a t our fathers nsed in bui lding theirs, unless we

ju tup te t he price, a n d in addition content ourselves with u s i n g a much in-fer ioruual i ty .

I n t h o W n e manner f rom ' our l auds we have takfen all year by y e a r and return­ed "nothing. Grop has succeeded crop , unt i l in many oases the fa rms are aban­doned for t he purpbse of t i l lage.because the production in a few yea r s does n o t more than pay tho increased price of labor and material '«pende-a . T h u s you will see $ho double d r a i n upon tjie coun t ry : first, that the p roduce i s *sent abroad and sold to pay t h e interest on ft debt which has not aided, a n d does not aid product ion; secondly, if any th ing else ia b ronght bock, it ia notching t h a t .profiteth tho land. W e a re l i terally, therefore, in this regard, bu rn ing t h e oandle ot-both onda; and- •iV'booomea a problem'of tho deepest m o m e n t to the statesman and agriculturist, how far this can go on and not s a p the nat ion 's wealth. Nay; not only t h i s ; bnt there is but very little returned to tho land roni. tha t which wo use a t homo. Sen t

into cities and towns, And*tbore. 'con* sumed, tha t which m i g h t bo saved from it is lost by our waBtefulno-s, and wnsh-_ ed by tho great sewers i n t o "the rtvors and harbors , choking thorn with filth",' and endangering tho h e a l t h of their, people b y th rowing ' ; ihn t . awayi wh^ch, if b rough t again upon t h o land, would be r ich productiveness and untold wealth. r . . . . .

Thoro can bo no m o r e instructive, ex-

amplo of our reoUesanMB as agrionltttr-

the investments of,- money for .nun-pro* ductivo purposes. ' 'They toil not nei­ther do they- spin, but the lilies of the field,.are not a r raved like on** of these ."

Tes t i t "a^Tnoujent bv illustration.-" "Suppose the necessities of a single man would require b a t three h u n d r e d dollars a year, and he, ns ing thn t sum, simply does nothing, I think i t might- safely be assumed tha t no one man.",- l abor ing upon the soil, can produce more than three hundred do l la r s ' a year, besides bis own support , oven if so much. Therefore, in t he ease supposed, to sup­por t a man in idleness, in, t h e cheapest manner, requires tho^ent i rc labor, at least, -of one other mnn. B a t sxip-'poso the non-prbducur, i n « t e a d i o * liv­ing^ in the mos t economical manner, at threa hundred" dollars a year, * spends three t housaada year,-then-he takes the production of ten producers to "support h imTand he does not alleviate that bur­den upon the comnrtmityu. at, ^ J X , , he, derives his subsistence solely from the investment of money, it may be, be­queathed to h im by some ancestor, i n ­vested in a bond of -tbe"i3nlTe-a"B&tes, for examgle^as part-of a debt created for the produce destroyed by our a rmy. I t will need no a.gnment, therefore, to convince t he most ordinary intelligence, that he who fares sumptuously every day,-npoii the-mterest-of-money invest­ed for imn-producing purposes., is a far greater cost to Ihe producer tha'n if.dis-ab le l by sickness, and a pauper , he was suppor t id a t the puhl ic charge; nd that the borrowing of money to be in--v sted for non-producing objects, such as expensive j n b h c bui ldings, the orua-meutatiitn of public g rounds , or o t l u i like objects,no* only becomes a burden ' in tho a m o u n t of capital t hus renderod useless, b u t also by ra is ing up a cla.«s who become non-produoers and con­sumers of the^necessaries and luxuries of life, of which otherwi-ta th.-y migh t

have been producers. .-The rule is so universal, that for pracitoa.1

purposes it may ba taken as a truism, that ao m*n wi-1 work, uoless he U obliged to do it, except the habH'is formed in eariy hie, and coatiaued because of habit. Indeed, every man strives to lay by a compeioope ao, that ut some time he may live without work It is said, with more or letu of truth,- that in iliose coaatriei where the spring is eternal and the flowers eYfr bloom In ondless BUcco-<siun, the beea, those patterns of industry, refuse to work to lay up'honey, because'the' luscious sweets of tho blossom are ever open to them. However this may ba with the b-ies, it is quite oertain in those countries whero nature pro-daoes almost spontaneously what la necessary .to sustain life, that man is content with that alone, and labors no more than is required to obtaurthe'poorest and moot meagre subsistence

Everything, therefore, that tends to inter­fere with the full execution of the prim.il law, which o»me from the primal cuise, "'Bf the sweat of thy brow shall thou eat thy bread," k.o.f moraentom detriment to the iudivldua aad the nation.

never-.dQ.a moan thing for money; but never" 8pj,nif a dqlfar unless you remembj^hat_you aro spending what sdfWtaan has^oVkel nil '" day to get ." i

Thus, I believe that every producer will see that running ia debt, either by tbe nation or the 'community, or any --sub liv's'.on tf it, affects him moat of all; frr the payment^ at'last, must como baok upon production. Aud alas ! so i t is that tho necessity of paying tho debt ddea. not oven raise the price of produce. And

^whilo.farbe it frW me to • undertake to in­struct or advise associations of farmers as to thou* political or govefmental actiotf-'foV'they probably understand that, quite as well aa I do, yet I desire to impress upon al^ classes of my fdllow--citizens:that "I'ay as you., go" is the only safe rule in public and private affairs. The commuuitity will not tolerate extrava-gancelf tho m6ney ia to be forthcoming from the pocket at the time of the expenditure. No class1 so extiavaj.ant.4iB those who live on borrowed money. There wiUJn soon caao bo 'no need of any system, <(X -boott-kcoping, or auditing of accounts, or reports of salaried officers, to tell each farmer and; tux-payer—• and the farmer ia a tax-payer who never can elude or escape tho tax-gatherer—that the ad-

jnbustratian of the affairs of his county, his township or his State is extravagant, if bo finds tho amount in his tax-bill. Hut he will not be left in full security, however strict tho books of the county are kept, if large indebt­edness can bo created aiyd large expenditures made of Which he may know nothing, bet ail good people, therefore, set their f-icis sternly against any unnecessary expenditure, ,ihd above, all against the iucurriu^ of. miy deht for public as w,ell as private expenditure, lu my judgment,.no more- wholesome constitutional provision could be applied, to States, cities aud counties, than that no debt should be incur­red in excess of the tax-levy for the purpose of.paying the expenses of the current year. Then what was necessary "only wcuUl be spenjt, aud that which was extravagant and wasteful would surely be avoided.

Having thus cursorily examined the effect of the indebtment of the country unon the producer*,' as^it drains from lite* lah),l. that

-which Bhould ba returned to it, let us fame a. JitaltLaearfir-'hame, and pee if-wo do nofrnian-

J

age ou r farms largo, v in the same manner tlmTf""'"7

wtiaret managing our govern menial affairs. Still 1* apeak with gieat deference,—as the apostle spoke, "-not by command, but by pej-misaion/*—for Imn deviating from" thepaths of. my_studies, and am veutur.uig.on -folds but­ler known to thQ£C.w)ip cultivate diem. •-.. _-t

It ia complained that Ta'pming is unprofita­ble. Men are.leaving the" fariiwvfnd seeking employment in manufactures ami tlie tiade of thq city. N.ew Hampshire, the ugricultural pant of Maisuohusetts, of .Man?; and. Ver­mont, have gone b»ok in population-and in; proauotive agricultural wealth in the last ten years. Without seeking to touch all the rea^ sons for it, may we not And i*JnrgaLy,m, this, that wo aak too much of the farm'f. Having •

Ireland? I ftWer that we have not yet-begun to pay /p^« interoa* in ooxn or produce. Wq hav<Nbo«n and tro soil­ing now bonds to,' pfiXintweet on old. ists, than the. wastotalneM of th« vefcy, oiies, auishnU eontinueNin to do -until meant we hate of enriching onr lands'. ou^dobtibroftia Ofltx' »o »o ttoro for |ftebOty»t Oi out oiviliZfttiou fttt* «Wu-,

No better ilhistration of thu effects upon a people, of a privileged class living in luxury upon incomes derived from money invested, foT-iion-productng parposes^caa be found than the present condition of Great Britain. Her national debt of forty-seven hundred mil­lions, cbntraoted to oariy on destructive wars, ia due to about 126,000 of her subjects, in sums averaging thirty thousand dollars to each holder ot her obligation!.. Here, then, we have this largo number of consumers with large Incomes derived from- sources that do not aid production, and although personal free­dom is assurtjd by well-executed taws/and tho wealth of thc^world seisms to-be-poured into her lap in return for her manufactures aided by her commerce," yet the -majority of the peo­ple of England do not eat meat more than one day-tin the week, and of her<eighteen millions of pooplo, one'm-every twelve in each year in her prisons, pauper-hou.-.ea, or insane hospi­tals. If a jury were to be drawn impartially from her population there would be on it oilhler a public pauper, a craxy man, or a criminal.

Let mo not be misunderstood. I do not ob­ject either to the refinements, or luxuries, or tho ornamentation of life. What I do object to, as a legislator ...and *well-wisfier;~of--my, country, is to that ornamentation and that luxury being male a burden upon the produc­er, who does not enjoy them, by tnxation", or, what is still worse, by borrowing the money and pledging the future earnings of the peo­ple, and raising up a olass wh» shall be taught simply to live and eat out the subsUnce of those who work.

By carrying the illuatration a little furth,-er^you wiffhaveno doubt of what I mean. If a county borrows money tb put ono hun­dred thousand dollars into a highly ornament-. ed Court House, when fifty thousand wonld suffice for every purpose of convenience and necessity, that money must be procured either by taxajtion, or by borrowing it uj#ra interest* say, at/seven per cent. + Now. the sinking of that amount of capital, if nroduocd by -taxa­tion, is upon tho very liberal assumption that we have bofore made, that tho average of men 'cannbt earn more than ono dollar per day beyond that whioh is necessary to support thorn, would bo to'condemn eleven bf its ablo-to\&'&i\vm&w&-'tiga^mjwy day of their lives, and elsveu moro to succeed TB*m forever, in order to pay the difference betweou' what was' necessary and convenient fortho -husWe^oTlho county, and that which was ontaracntatlo*-and .BUperiluity-only. •Have" .jmy.bwlty,ofi,»n^io-inon to whom is commit* ted the caro,of tht finances oUhelr commum-

a capital of two or three or five thou.-and dol­lars invested in it. we ask that the farm nhall ' support our families, educate our^childcen, and give us a comparative . wealth for old ago besides. . nd yet, do we treat itas other men do their business by which they succeed 1 I t we fail in getting all these from1 it, wc say at once that farming is unprontablu ! We are unmindful of. the fact, that in mercantile bus­iness, only one-iaji hundred ia fairly success­ful, and only one in a thousand eminently so. Does not farming-t|.o as well as that, and bet­ter? Does only one in a- hundred farmers,, succeed to competence, and culy one in a v thousand succeed to^ofilucnce? And yet. do* , .we not deal with our farms in tlie same way that we have seb'n'-'that the nation docs-with itfl producers? elJo we not take everything off, and put comparatively nothing on the land? In every other business of life, a 1 tl.e gains a ma,tr'g<3ts''he'tmmediatoly puts lack into hi busin S3.

Ite_mcxchant inci eases his capital year by -year from the gains of the preceding year, if he is a prudent man, until it becomes as large • as he can profitably manage. Hut if the far­mer makes any surplus on his faun, as a rule, dots he return it to his bind, either in increas-d facili/ies.fur farming, iajyiriching .the soil, ddingto h:s stock, or draining his land.'

On the contrary, is he not much more likely to invest it in railroad shares or bonds, or' som&manufacturing interprisn, or loan it to some, neighbor? Having taktn away from tho farm what the farm has brought lo him, and ought to bo returned to it -again, to make it more productive, ho leaves -it impoverished, aud then complains that his gains do nut in­crease. Is not tho difficulty that he is con­tinually taking away tlie increase of his capi­tal aud leaving it only what it WHS at the be­ginning? Thc'inerchaut. as we have seen, in­creases his capital year by year, but the farm­er too frequently tikes his and invests it in other enterprises, and then complains that the farm does not succeed. Suppose, ;nstcad, lie should bring back his'yearly gains upon his farm in enriching tho soil, in giving back to it

-that which lie has taken away, will not the land gratefully answer :t by giving him more copic us, abundant, and paying production? [ do nut advise bringing back the production of the fvrin in the shape of a house with a Mansard roof, or covered with architectural Sowers cut out of pine boards. To a reflecting mind, tin l.est-looking buildings upon a form are a small, comfortable, unpretending house, and a largo, comfortable" barn; I ee«iunly ifced nut itdtise the farmer not to run in debt • fur a Urge house. ' N*. farmer that ever 1 heard of.cii'r mortgaged his farm to buy man- , ure to put un .tn it; yet men frequently do

moctgage_lheir farms for .the purpose of build-ing a fine house; and many take all the earn­ings of the farm for ten years fur that pur- " pose. The mortgage, or .the iodebtment,once on a farm, as a rule in the past, except iu tlie ' change of fortune made by the change ot prices arising from the war, remains fm* years, if not forever.

A farmer once boasted to mo when, as a conveyancer, I was-drawing a mortgage of his farm to secure.the money with which to build a new hou«c, that one advantago a farmer had over a professional man was that- his crops grew when he slept, and its increase was go­ing on even while he was away. I n&kcd Mm if, sometimes, his crops were not blighted by drouth, and tlie growth of lii.i vegetables not cut offby irosl? He sat-.], Orluiiily. I asked him, further, if he.kaew af,.a.cythmg,lu.. could put on his land wh' ae increase no drouth would affect,"no frost rf Hit, no Hood dan.age and no weevil destroy or mildew blight, but which was very profitable to the grjoanscs^a crop c«er sure and uever-faihng? l.said, law­yer as X am, I can tell you of such a crop,

'and that if he planted it lwouhl-warrant.it. Wontleringly, he inquired wlmflhaf was. I told him he was just sowing it,/and I was har­rowing It in—it was the interest oil that mort­gage. That house was not built that year. The good wife who-advised it nnd somewhat' thoughtlessly urged it on the farmer, thought,, best to-wait for it. Let me advise all present as I did my client, neither" fo plant nor till that crop on your farm!

After-the consideratimi we have gjveil,.tho. evils of indebtment, you may think it para­doxical if I should advise young men, fanners or others, to contract some kind.s.uf debts, un­der certain circumstances; yet t can safely do } {*i

. ty a right thus to u s e ' up the labor of th*ir

• I would adviso every young man who has or is.likely to have any.suxplus; income,which he desires to....invest outside of his business," Always——to - invest it in advance, by buying productive real property, the income of which will keep :.down the inter^st.on the purchase, payable in small instalments, at frequently recurring in­tervals ou long time. Hut never run in debt for unproductive property, relying upon its suppoiwd- ino-FeifSe or speculative valuo. Tho interest and taxes on such investments increase faster than- the value, and "as a-vule, will surely devour the purchaser. *alf-'a man will buy productive property, and run in debt .for it, to bo paid for by frequent pnymunts. he Will have an incentive to collect 'whatever of iooorao he may have, or debts that may bo -due himself,' and-whenevcr ho pays any por­tion of his mdebtment.tlui3 incurred, will havo inveated his money in the *bcst manner. Be­ing called upon to pay his dues he will collect tho debts duo himself more closely nnd loseless of them. Having a use for his mon­ey,1 it will not be spent tor unnecessary and extravagant purposes. He never will have any to lend to a friend who is a '• little short," and who will be obliged to him for- it only for a few days, when the chances aro ton-to ono that he will never eeo-it ngain.- He Will be little tempted to buy a fine horse which a jOckey wishes to sell, nnd which will cost moro to drive than the original purchase mon- * -oy. Owning a fine hw'rse by a fanner in not much horm to the farm. It is drivujg nnd showing him that hurls tlie crops. In otheir" words, if he has a debt to pay,.his money will never burn in his pocket; and aa. ho-.. feels that he is not paying ibr a ** dead horse,*' ho will find much pleasure m paym(f-a debt whioh tends to enrich him; for the safest aiitl surest of all investments is Hie diecpantlhg or ' paying one's own notes which aro out at in­terest Whoever -.makes this kind of invest-J ment, and lives pruddntly «and economically, ". will ina few years-find himsclfnorae^~of life*.,, catato, and if the pronbrty i^whiol^olu^esj^-.^ baa booh, bought with/judgment, nn*spco'jftnjf y., If it shall turn out tfi have been a BpeoulatiWrl^'i;; even a fortune, wh/ch will-have cpmo' to W p ' ^ i . % 1 ' •*•$$:] ao cosily and quji^ly^without seem.Bg cf iarkMSi;! ' ' -^ ' ! that ho hiweeJnviU ^ f d l v y k n o V ^ l l ^ : ^ ^ '

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