politics ben, billy, emmy

RECONSTRUCTION PHOTO ESSAY

Ben Gunning, Billy Van Cleve, & Emmy Sprong

THESIS: FONER ’S “THE MEAN ING OF FREEDOM”

According to Foner, the African American community

knew that by achieving autonomy they would set the

groundwork for a new black community and a better life,

centered on stabilizing their families, creating social

organizations (including churches and schools), attempting

to obtain economic independence, and striving for equal

rights, all in the face of conservative white resistance.

THESIS: RECONSTRUCTIONPOLITICS

African Americans desired integration rather than

separation within the political sphere in order to

obtain equality before the law, which—if achieved—

would lead to independence from white control.

Early African-American Leaders

Elected

Suffrage Justifications: Service + American Ideals

Freedmen Work for Equal Rights

“Ballots Are The Freedman’s Moses”

Black Patriots Celebrate Union Victory

Southern Whites Resist Black Rights

Blacks Integrate Into WHITE POLITICS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Foner, Eric. “The Meaning of Freedom.” A Short History of Reconstruction.

HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. 1990. 23-27. Print.

http://blackhistory.harpweek.com/7Illustrations/Reconstruction/Pardon.htm

http://blackhistory.harpweek.com/7Illustrations/Reconstruction/Franchise.htm

http://blackhistory.harpweek.com/7Illustrations/Reconstruction/HRRevels.htm

http://blackhistory.harpweek.com/7Illustrations/Reconstruction/NatColoredConv.htm

http://blackhistory.harpweek.com/7Illustrations/Reconstruction/TimeWorksWonders.htm

http://

blackhistory.harpweek.com/7Illustrations/Reconstruction/ElectioneeringAtTheSouth.htm

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/05/0501001r.jpg

http://digital.nypl.org/schomburg/images_aa19/aa19c_info.cfm?