political institutions

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

the need to maintain peace and order, the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger.

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

Inherent in governing

To control actions through diverse means:Brute forcesNegotiation Promise or rewardExchange of

goods and services

Appeal o the common good

POWERS

AUTHORITY COMES FROM THE FOLLOWING:TRADITIONAL

AUTHORITYleader which he inherited

from his predecessor.CHARISMATIC

AUTHORITYdepends on his ability to

inspire people to express his will.

RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITYthe leader rules under

limited length of time, usually under explicit limitations set by the constitution

IF POWER IS LEGITIMATE, THEN IT IS AUTHORITY

BANDTRIBESTATE

DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

existed in the hunting and gathering societies.

There is neither permanent member nor leader. Members come and go.

only organize themselves for the purpose of doing together the economic activities.

30-50 members

BAND

also called “acephalus” meaning “no head.”“No head” means there is no central authority which governs the tribe.

headed by the headman, big man or chieftain.

TRIBE

number of people occupying a particular territory having an organized government and independent of external control.

STATE

1) Divine Right Theory2) Social Contract Theory3) Patriarchal Theory4) Necessity and Force

Theory5) Economic and Instinctive

Theory6) Historical or Evolution

Theory

THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE

state is created by God who has chosen His vice-regents to rule the earth

DIVINE RIGHT THEORY

State is a product of man’s contract or covenant.

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

state is a mere extension of family, family develops into clan, clan into tribe and tribe into state.

PATRIARCHAL THEORY

state is founded because there are weak ones who seek protection so the strong ones protect and rule them in return.

NECESSITY AND FORCE THEORY

State is founded out of man’s need for association

ECONOMIC & INSTINCTIVE THEORY

State is a product of man’s social and cultural development

HISTORICAL OR EVOLUTION THEORY

1) Democracy2) Totalitarianism1) Colonialism

TYPES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS

individuals are free, rational, moral, equal, and posses certain rights.

derived from the words “demos” and “cratos” meaning “people” and “rule” respectively.

democracy means “rule of the people”

DEMOCRACY

All functions are regulated by the State.

Education, economic life, religion, and family are all controlled by the State.

TOTALITARIANISM

relationship of two states, one strong, the other weak

COLONIALISM

ACCORDING TO WHOM SOVEREIGNTY RESIDESa) Monarchy:b) Aristocracy or Oligarchy:c) Democracy:

ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF INSTITUTING OFFICIALSa) Elective: b) Hereditary:

ACCORDING TO THE DISTRIBUTION OR CONCENTRATION OF POWERSa) Unitary:b) Federal:

ACCORDING TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENTa) Presidentialb) Parliamentary

CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT

MONARCHY

A government which is ruled by few privileged class, whose right arises from the facts of birth, wisdom or wealth.

ARISTOCRACY OR OLIGARCHY

DEMOCRACY

ELECTIVE

HEREDITARY

PropertyEconomic ExchangeDivision of LaborEconomic SocializationPricesPrinciple of Supply and Demand

ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM

PROPERTY

individual and organization gives each other valuable goods and services in return for different goods and services.

ECONOMIC EXCHANGE

DIVISION OF LABOR

ECONOMIC SOCIALIZATION

PRICES

DEMAND CURVE

THE LAW OF SUPPLY

THE SUPPLY SCHEDULE

SUPPLY CURVE

Too much outflows of money in our economy will result to deflation.Producers

compete more sharply on the fewer pesos in the hands of the consumers

Thus, a drop in the price level and a rise in the value of pesos.

Too much inflows of money into our economy usually results to inflation. Inflation: a decline in the value

of money, with an upward movement of the price level.

When the amount of money in circulation increases, people have more money to spend.

There will be an increase in demand.

Therefore, consumers compete for available goods.

They pay more pesos for the goods they want and consequently, an increase in price.

Inflation then can be described as too much pesos going after a small number of goods.

1) Pre-industrial Society:a) Hunting-gathering society b) Pastoral societies c) Horticulturist d) Agrarian societies

2) Industrial Society:3) Post-industrial society:4) Modern Economic System:

a) Socialismb) Capitalism

DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Societies that rely for food primarily on the hunting of animals and the gathering food that grows in the natural environment

HUNTING-GATHERING SOCIETY

society whose primary source of subsistence comes from their herds.

PASTORAL SOCIETIES

HORTICULTURIST

AGRARIAN SOCIETIES

INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

no private enterprises because all means of production are owned and are regulated by the government.

MODERN ECONOMIC SYSTEM - SOCIALISM