political institutions
DESCRIPTION
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION. the need to maintain peace and order , the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger. . POWERS. Inherent in governing To control actions through diverse means : Brute forces Negotiation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
the need to maintain peace and order, the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger.
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
Inherent in governing
To control actions through diverse means:Brute forcesNegotiation Promise or rewardExchange of
goods and services
Appeal o the common good
POWERS
AUTHORITY COMES FROM THE FOLLOWING:TRADITIONAL
AUTHORITYleader which he inherited
from his predecessor.CHARISMATIC
AUTHORITYdepends on his ability to
inspire people to express his will.
RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITYthe leader rules under
limited length of time, usually under explicit limitations set by the constitution
IF POWER IS LEGITIMATE, THEN IT IS AUTHORITY
BANDTRIBESTATE
DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
existed in the hunting and gathering societies.
There is neither permanent member nor leader. Members come and go.
only organize themselves for the purpose of doing together the economic activities.
30-50 members
BAND
also called “acephalus” meaning “no head.”“No head” means there is no central authority which governs the tribe.
headed by the headman, big man or chieftain.
TRIBE
number of people occupying a particular territory having an organized government and independent of external control.
STATE
1) Divine Right Theory2) Social Contract Theory3) Patriarchal Theory4) Necessity and Force
Theory5) Economic and Instinctive
Theory6) Historical or Evolution
Theory
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE
state is created by God who has chosen His vice-regents to rule the earth
DIVINE RIGHT THEORY
State is a product of man’s contract or covenant.
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
state is a mere extension of family, family develops into clan, clan into tribe and tribe into state.
PATRIARCHAL THEORY
state is founded because there are weak ones who seek protection so the strong ones protect and rule them in return.
NECESSITY AND FORCE THEORY
State is founded out of man’s need for association
ECONOMIC & INSTINCTIVE THEORY
State is a product of man’s social and cultural development
HISTORICAL OR EVOLUTION THEORY
1) Democracy2) Totalitarianism1) Colonialism
TYPES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS
individuals are free, rational, moral, equal, and posses certain rights.
derived from the words “demos” and “cratos” meaning “people” and “rule” respectively.
democracy means “rule of the people”
DEMOCRACY
All functions are regulated by the State.
Education, economic life, religion, and family are all controlled by the State.
TOTALITARIANISM
relationship of two states, one strong, the other weak
COLONIALISM
ACCORDING TO WHOM SOVEREIGNTY RESIDESa) Monarchy:b) Aristocracy or Oligarchy:c) Democracy:
ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF INSTITUTING OFFICIALSa) Elective: b) Hereditary:
ACCORDING TO THE DISTRIBUTION OR CONCENTRATION OF POWERSa) Unitary:b) Federal:
ACCORDING TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENTa) Presidentialb) Parliamentary
CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT
MONARCHY
A government which is ruled by few privileged class, whose right arises from the facts of birth, wisdom or wealth.
ARISTOCRACY OR OLIGARCHY
DEMOCRACY
ELECTIVE
HEREDITARY
PropertyEconomic ExchangeDivision of LaborEconomic SocializationPricesPrinciple of Supply and Demand
ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM
PROPERTY
individual and organization gives each other valuable goods and services in return for different goods and services.
ECONOMIC EXCHANGE
DIVISION OF LABOR
ECONOMIC SOCIALIZATION
PRICES
DEMAND CURVE
THE LAW OF SUPPLY
THE SUPPLY SCHEDULE
SUPPLY CURVE
Too much outflows of money in our economy will result to deflation.Producers
compete more sharply on the fewer pesos in the hands of the consumers
Thus, a drop in the price level and a rise in the value of pesos.
Too much inflows of money into our economy usually results to inflation. Inflation: a decline in the value
of money, with an upward movement of the price level.
When the amount of money in circulation increases, people have more money to spend.
There will be an increase in demand.
Therefore, consumers compete for available goods.
They pay more pesos for the goods they want and consequently, an increase in price.
Inflation then can be described as too much pesos going after a small number of goods.
1) Pre-industrial Society:a) Hunting-gathering society b) Pastoral societies c) Horticulturist d) Agrarian societies
2) Industrial Society:3) Post-industrial society:4) Modern Economic System:
a) Socialismb) Capitalism
DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Societies that rely for food primarily on the hunting of animals and the gathering food that grows in the natural environment
HUNTING-GATHERING SOCIETY
society whose primary source of subsistence comes from their herds.
PASTORAL SOCIETIES
HORTICULTURIST
AGRARIAN SOCIETIES
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
no private enterprises because all means of production are owned and are regulated by the government.
MODERN ECONOMIC SYSTEM - SOCIALISM