physiology of memory
Post on 16-Jul-2015
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Kursk state medical university
• Name:Dalhatu Saidu
• Group:31
• Year:2nd year 4th
semester
Department:physiology
What is memory
• memory is the property of organism which ensures impression of connections between the environmental events and accumulation of living experience . Brain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala is thought to be involved inemotional memory
The Memory ProcessThree step process….
1. Encoding: The processing of information into the memory system.
2. Storage: The retention of encoded material over time.
3. Retrieval: The process of getting the information out of memory storage.
Explicit Memories: it is associated with
consciousness it is dependent for its relation on the hippocampus and other part of the brain and divided into :
• Episodic Memories:based on memory of events
• Semantic Memories:memory related to words, rules and knowledge
Implicit Memories:consist of memories
necessary to perform tasks or skills habits ,conditioned reflesxes
• Procedural Memories
• Conditioned Memories
Classification of memory M
emo
ry. Short term memory :it is a memory displayed by the circulation of
along neuronal chain it last for maximum 7hrs
Intermediate memory:it is a memory btw short term and long term memory it lasts for several months
Long term memory: it is based of complex processes associated with the activity of protein molecule synthesis
in the brain cells it may last for several years
Short Term Memory• The stuff we
encode from the sensory goes to STM.
• Events are encoded visually, acoustically or semantically.
• Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds.
• We recall digits better than letters.
Short Term Memory Activity
Long Term Memory
• Unlimited storehouse of information.
• Explicit (declarative) memories
• Implicit (non-declarative) memories
Other forms of short term memory
• Sensory memory :its a memory lasting for few seconds act as buffers for stimuli received through senses and are sub classified into :
_ ̲iconic –for visual stimuli .
_haptic –for touch sensation .
_echoic-for auditory sensation.
.working memory:short term memory is now known as working memory keeps information available for very short period (individual plans, action is based on it
There four different types of remembering:• Recall: the active and unaided remembering of
something from the past
• Recognition: the ability to recognize previously
encountered information as familiar
• Relearning: the ability to learn one familiar material
more easily than unfamiliar material
• Recollecting:the reconstruction of events or facts on
the basis of partial clues
Consolidation of memory
• For short term memory to be converted into long term memory that can recalled weeks,years later, it must become ‘cosolidated’that is, the short term memory if activated repeatedly will initiate chemical,physical ,and anatomical changes in the synapses that are responsible for the long time type of memory.this process requires 5 to 10 munities for minimal consolidation and 1 hour for or more for strong consolidation. For instance if a strong sensory impression is made on the brain but is then followed within a minute or so by an electrically induced brain convulsion the sensory experience will not be remembered
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