MEMORY

A journey from the mind to the molecules

- Mr. Arjun Maitra- Assistant Professor

Dept. of Physiology

PCMS&RC

TO MY STUDENTS

HERE I HAVE TRIED TO SIMPLIFY THE HUGE SUBJECT WITH ANIMATIONS, DIAGRAMS, FLOW CHARTS & RELEVENT MCQs.DIFFERENT TEXT BOOKS AND REFERENCE BOOKS HAVE BEEN USED FORPREPARING THE CONTENTS. REMEMBERTHESE SLIDES ARE NOT THE SUBSTITUTE OF YOUR TEXT BOOKS

ANIMATIONS AND DIAGRAMS ARE COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT WEBSITESOLELY FOR EDUCATION PURPOSE.

Eric. R. Kandel (MD)Nobel Prize :2000 (Physiology)

Nobel Lecture:

The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialog between Genes and Synapses

In the Beginning there was...

MemoryBut it soon became apparent that not all memory was created equal…

• What’s your mother’s name? • What did you have for lunch today?

Yesterday? Two days ago?

• What color is the car you’re parked next to?

• How do you ride a bike?

Memory

sensory short term long term

workingiconic echoic

phonol.loop

v-ssketchpad

CentralExec

phon. store rehearsal

declarative(explicit)

non-decl.(implicit)

facts events

skillshabits

priming

class. cond.

...

HOW MEMORY IS BUILT::::::::::::::

A

P

L

A

N

F

O

R

A

LAY MAN

AREAS OF BRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH MEMORY

WHERE IS THE HARD DISK HIDDEN IN THE BRAIN

WHERE WAS THE ELEPHANT HIDING IN SIDE BRAIN

“ELEPHANT” LEFT MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE

VISUAL CUES OCCIPITAL LOBE AND SURROUNDIG AREA

RECOGNITION LEFT OCCIPITO TEMPORAL CORTEX

NAMING LEFT MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE

HAMMER INSIDE THE HEAD

“HAMMER” POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX

NAMING LEFT PREMOTOR AREA + LEFT MIDDLE TEMPORAL GYRUS

HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION

&PATHWAYS

HOW DO WE RECOGNISES FACES

OCCIPITAL CORTEXVISUAL ASSOCIATION AREA INFEROTEMPORAL CORTEX

MESO TEMPORAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX

PARA HIPPOCAMPALCORTEX

PERIHINAL CORTEX

ENTORHINAL CORTEX

PERFORANT PATHWAY

HIPPOCAMPUS

MEDIALTEMPORAL LOBE

HOW MEMORY FOR A FACE IS REGISTERED

NOW HOW THE MEMORY IS RETRIEVED IN TERMS OF NEURAL NETWORK

entorhinal cortex → perforant path → dentate gyrus → mossy fibres → CA3 → Schaffer collaterals (and a big projection via the fimbria to the contralateral hippocampus) → CA1 → alveus → entorhinal cortex

SOME GENES RELATED TO MEMORY

HCN 1

zif268

c-fos

arc

Homer

NOW THINK BEFORE YOU START

REMEMBERING A FEW THINGS

FROM THIS SEMINAR