periodic table. bell ringer what is this model of the atom called? how do electrons travel according...

Periodic Table

Bell Ringer

• What is this model of the atom called?• How do electrons travel according to this model

of the atom?– Electrons travel in definite paths.– Electrons jump between levels from path to path.

Bohr Model of the Atom (1913)

Bell Ringer

• C-12

• C-14

1.What do the numbers in red represent?

2.What do the two atoms above represent?

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewBohr DiagramBohr Diagram

P + NNucleus

1st energy level (2 electrons)

2nd energy level (8 electrons)

3rd energy level

(18 electrons)

Quick ReviewQuick Review• Outermost energy level of an atom is

called valence shell.

• Electrons in valence shell are called valence electrons.

• Group number indicates the number of valence electrons.

• Period number determines the number of energy levels (or rings).

Video– HOW ELEMENTS ARE CREATED? – Island of Stability: A nuclear chemist aims to

create entirely new elements to add to the periodic table. Aired October 3, 2006 on PBS

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hysics/stability-elements.html

Dmitri Mendeleev

• Russian chemist

• Discovered a pattern to the

properties of elements if they were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass

Mendeleev’s 1871 Periodic Table

Henry Moseley• British scientist

• Determined the number of protons (atomic number) in an atom

• He arranged elements in the Periodic Table according to atomic number

Periodic Law• The chemical and physical properties of

elements are periodic functions of their atomic number.

Group• Each column of elements from top to

bottom on the Periodic Table.

• Also known as Family

• Elements in a ‘family’ behave in a similar way– Example: Group 1 (all except Hydrogen)

elements are called alkali metals. How are they similar?

• They react explosively with water!

Period• Each horizontal row of elements from left

to right on the Periodic Table

• As you go from left to right, atomic number increases by 1 – number of protons increases by 1– number of electrons also increases by 1 in the

same valence shell

Periodic Table worksheet• Color the square for hydrogen yellow (#1)

• Using black pencil or marker, mark the zigzag line (#5)

• Color the Noble Gases orange (#3)

Noble gases are stable and do not take part in chemical reactions.

Metals• Found to the left of the zigzag line in the

Periodic Table

• Solid at room temperature, good conductors, malleable, ductile and shiny

Color the groups with very reactive metals red (#2)

Color the transition metals green (#4)

Color the metals in groups 13 to 16 brown (#8)

Circle and label alkali metals blue (#11)

Circle and label alkaline earth metals in purple (#12)

Nonmetals• Found to the right of the zigzag line in the

Periodic Table

• Poor conductors, not malleable, not ductile and not shiny

Color the nonmetals that are not noble gases blue (#7)

Circle and label the halogens in green (#13)

Metalloids• Also called semiconductors.

• Found at the border of the zigzag line on the Periodic Table

• They have some properties of metals and nonmetals (hard, very brittle)

Color the metalloids purple (#6)

Complete the table in your notesSymbol Element Period # Group # Metal,

nonmetal or metalloid?

Solid, liquid or gas?

N Nitrogen 2 15 Nonmetal Gas

Ca Calcium 4 2 Metal Solid

Na Sodium 3 1 Metal Solid

Hg Mercury 6 12 Metal Liquid

W Tungsten 6 6 Metal Solid

Kr Krypton 4 18 Nonmetal Gas

I Iodine 5 17 Nonmetal Solid

Zn Zinc 4 12 Metal Solid

Sg Seaborgium 7 6 Metal Solid

Tl Thallium 6 13 Metal Solid

As Arsenic 4 15 Metalloid Solid

Y Yttrium 5 3 Metal Solid