participle practice כֹּתְבִים qal masculine plural absolute כָּתַב “he wrote”

PARTICIPLE PRACTICE

י ב� םכ�ת�Qal

Masculine

Plural

Absolute

ב ת� כ�

“he wrote”

PARTICIPLE PRACTICE

ש� ארותנ�Nifal

Feminine

Plural

Absolute or Construct

אר ש�

“he was left”

PARTICIPLE PRACTICE

י ל� ש� מ� םמ�Piel

Masculine

Plural

Absolute

ל ש� מ�

“he ruled”

PARTICIPLE PRACTICE

י מ� ש� המ� ע�Hifil

Feminine

Singular

Absolute

ע מ� ש�

“he heard”

PARTICIPLE PRACTICE

יתו ר� י ב� ר4 ש�מ� ל�”preposition: “to ל�

Qal

Participle

Masculine

Plural

Construct

ר מ� ש�

“he kept”

“to the ones keeping his covenant”

PARTICIPLE PRACTICE

ל־ה� ים כ� ש� נ� � יםא� ש� ק� ב� מ� יךה� ש= פ� ת־נ� א=Article: “the”

Piel

Masculine

Plural

Absolute

[בקש]

“he sought”

“All of the men who were seeking your life”

Attributive Adjective

PARTICIPLE PRACTICE

רה� ש= � ה א� ל= א4 ים ה� ש� נ� � יםא� ש� ק� ב� יך� מ� ש= פ� ת־נ� א=Piel

Masculine

Plural

Absolute

[בקש]

“he sought”

“These men who are seeking your life”

Predicative Adjective

PARTICIPLE PRACTICE

שא ק4 ב� י מ� כ� י אנ� =ת־אח�Piel

Participle

Masculine

Singular

Absolute

[בקש]

“he sought”

“I am seeking my brothers”

REVIEW OF THE STRONG VERB

VERBS WITH PREFORMATIVES

•Imperfect•Jussive•Cohortative

VERBS WITHOUT PREFORMATIVES

•Perfect•Imperative•Infinitives•Participles

PREFORMATIVE י

•Always Imperfect or Jussive•Always 3rd person•Always masculine•Both singular and plurals

PREFORMATIVE ת

•Always Imperfect or Jussive•Always 2rd person•All third feminine forms•Both singular and plurals

PREFORMATIVE א

•Always 1CS•No sufformative = Imperfect• �Iה sufformative (suffix)= Cohortative

PREFORMATIVE נ

•Always 1CP•No sufformative = Imperfect• �Iה sufformative (suffix)= Cohortative

SUFFORMATIVES/SUBJECT SUFFIXES

ה�

•Usually feminine

DON’T FORGET THAT ה� IS THE FEMININE ENDING ON NON-VERBAL FORMS

ה• כ� ל� מ� queenה• דול� ג� great, largeה• א�ת� her

�Iה MAY ALSO BE MASCULINE

• הא �ת� 2MS Independent personal pronoun

ה• ת� ל� ט� Certain 2MS perfects ק�

ה• ל� ט� ק� 2 MS alternative (emphatic) Imperatives

�Iה MAY ALSO BE COMMON

•Cohortatives• ה א ל� ט� =ק� 1CSה• ל� ט� ק� נ� 1CP

�Iה AS A ה- DIRECTIVE WILL NEVER APPEAR ON A VERB

הא צ� �ר� to(ward) the ground

ה נ� פ� צ� toward the north, northward

ה מ� י� מ� ש� to the heavens, heavenward

SUFFORMATIVE ו

•Always Plural•Usually masculine•May be common •Never feminine

NOTE THE 3MS PRONOMINAL OBJECT ON THE VERB

ת� ל� ט� הוק�Qal Perfect 3MS ל ט� ”he killed“ ק�

3MS Suffix “he killed him”

•Masculine but not plural

F

F

NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS

נוא ח� ��נ� 1CP Independent Personal

Pronoun “we”

נו ל4 ט� ל Qal Imperfect 3MS יק� ט� he“ ק�

killed” 1 CP Pronominal Object “he killed us”

�Iי SUFFORMATIVE

•Always singular•Usually first person•May be second person

F

NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS

יא ��נ�1 CS Independent Personal Pronoun “I”

י נ� ל4 ט� יק�Qal Imperfect 3MS ל ט� ק�

“he killed” 1CS Pronominal Object

“he killed me”

IN THE SUFFORMATIVE ת

•Perfect•All second person forms•First common singular

•Participle•Only feminine forms• Active and Passive• Absolute and Construct• Singular and Plural

IN THE SUFFORMATIVE נ

• Always plural• Usually first person

• Perfect• Note the pronominal forms

• 1CP independent personal pronoun• 1CP pronominal object

• May be second person• Always feminine

• Perfect• Imperfect• Imperative• Note the pronominal forms

• 2FP independent personal pronoun• 2FP pronominal object

• May be third person• Always feminine

• Imperfect• Note the pronominal forms

• 3FP independent personal pronoun• 3FP pronominal object

NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS

נוא ח� ��נ�1CP Independent Personal Pronoun “we”

נו ל4 ט� יק�Qal Imperfect 3MS ל ט� ”he killed“ ק�

1CP pronominal object “he killed us”

NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS

הא נ� ת4 ן א� �ת=2FP Independent Personal Pronouns “you”

ן לוכ= ט� יק�Qal Imperfect 3MP ל ט� ”he killed“ ק�2FP pronominal object “they killed

you”

NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS

הה4 נ� ן ה43FP Independent Personal Pronouns “them”

לון ט� יק�Qal Imperfect 3MP ל ט� he killed” 3FP“ ק�

pronominal object “they killed them”

IN THE SUFFORMATIVE מ

•Always masculine•Always plural•Perfect•Participle

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE HEBREW BINYANIM

THE NIFAL

•Prefixed נ•Dagesh forte in first root consonant

•Prefixed ה•Qames under R1

PREFIXED נ

CERTAIN INFINITIVE ABSOLUTES

ט�ל ק� נ� Infinitive Absolute

DAGESH FORTE IN FIRST ROOT CONSONANT

ALL JUSSIVES AND COHORTATIVES

ל ט4 יק� Jussive

ה ל� ט� ק� א� Cohorative

PREFIXED ה

QAMES UNDER R1

ALL JUSSIVES AND COHORTATIVES

ל ט4 יק� Jussive

ה ל� ט� ק� א� Cohorative

THE PIEL

•Dagesh in all R2s•Vocal sheva under all pronominal and mode preformatives• Patah under R1• In all forms except the perfect• Short i-class vowel (hireq) under R1 in the

perfect

preformative on the participle מ•

DAGESH IN ALL R2S

VOCAL SHEVA UNDER ALL PRONOMINAL AND MODE PREFORMATIVES

PATAH UNDER R1NOT THE PERFECT

PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE מ

THE PUAL

• Dagesh forte in all R2s• Vocal sheva under all pronominal and mode

preformatives• Qibbus under all R1s• Patah under most R2s• Patah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic subject

suffix• Patah does not appear in• the participle• the infinitive absolute

• preformative on the participle מ

DAGESH FORTE IN R2

VOCAL SHEVA UNDER ALL PRONOMINAL AND MODE PREFORMATIVES

QIBBUS UNDER R1

PATAH UNDER MOST R2SPATA H R E D U C E S T O S H E VA I N F O R M S W I T H V O C A L I C S U F F I X E S

PATA H D O E S N O T A P P E A R I N T H E PA RT I C I P L E O R I N F I N I T I V E A B S O LU T E

PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE מ

THE HIFIL

• binyan prefix ה• Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Aboslute, Infinitive Construct• Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hifil forms

when compared to the prefixed forms of the Niphal binyan• Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct

• Silent Sheva under all R1s• Patah under all binyan, mode and pronominal

preformatives except for the Perfect• Short i-class vowel (hireq) under the binyan preformative ה

in the Perfect

THE HIFIL

•Long i-class theme vowel (י�or 4) in all but six perfect forms• Perfect forms without a long i-class theme

vowel:• All 2nd person forms of the perfect• Both first person forms of the perfect

• The theme vowel in these six perfect forms is a-class (patah)

preformative on the Participle מ•

BINYAN PREFIX ה

SILENT SHEVA UNDER R1

PATAH UNDER ALL BINYAN, MODE AND PRONOMINAL PREFORMATIVES EXCEPT

FOR THE PERFECT

LONG I-CLASS THEME VOWEL IN ALL BUT 6 PERFECT FORMS

PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE מ

THE HOPHAL

binyan prefix ה•• Perfect, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct• Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hophal

forms when compared to the ה prefixed forms of other binyanim• Cf. ה prefixed Niphal forms• Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct

• Cf. ה prefixed Hifil forms• Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct

THE HOPHAL

•Qames hatuph under all binyan, mode, and pronominal preformatives•Silent sheva under all R1s•Patah under most R2s• Patah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic

subject sufformative• Patah does not appear in the participle or infinitive

absolute

preformative on the Participle מ•

BINYAN PREFIX ה

QAMES HATUPH UNDER ALL BINYAN, MODE, AND PRONOMINAL

PREFORMATIVES

SILENT SHEVA UNDER R1

PATAH UNDER MOST R2SPatah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic subject sufformative

Patah does not appear in the participle or infinitive absolute

PREFORMATIVE ON THE מPARTICIPLE

THE HITPAEL

binyan prefix ה•• Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive

Construct• Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hitpael

forms when compared to the ה prefixed forms of the other binyanim• prefixed Nifal forms ה

• Imperative, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute

• prefixed Hifil forms ה• Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute

• prefixed Hophal forms ה• Perfect, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute

THE HITPAEL

binyan infix on all forms ת•• Short i-class vowel (hireq) under all binyan,

state, and pronominal preformatives• Silent sheva under binyan infix ת• Patah under R1•Dagesh forte in R2• preformative on the participle מ• Metathesis

BINYAN PREFIX ה+

BINYAN INFIX ON ALL FORMS ת

SHORT I-CLASS VOWEL (HIREQ) UNDER ALL BINYAN, STATE, AND PRONOMINAL

PREFORMATIVES

SILENT SHEVA UNDER BINYAN INFIX ת

PATAH UNDER R1

DAGESH FORTE IN R2

PREFORMATIVE ON THE מPARTICIPLE

METATHESIS