participle practice כֹּתְבִים qal masculine plural absolute כָּתַב “he wrote”
TRANSCRIPT
PARTICIPLE PRACTICE
י ב� םכ�ת�Qal
Masculine
Plural
Absolute
ב ת� כ�
“he wrote”
PARTICIPLE PRACTICE
ש� ארותנ�Nifal
Feminine
Plural
Absolute or Construct
אר ש�
“he was left”
PARTICIPLE PRACTICE
י ל� ש� מ� םמ�Piel
Masculine
Plural
Absolute
ל ש� מ�
“he ruled”
PARTICIPLE PRACTICE
י מ� ש� המ� ע�Hifil
Feminine
Singular
Absolute
ע מ� ש�
“he heard”
PARTICIPLE PRACTICE
יתו ר� י ב� ר4 ש�מ� ל�”preposition: “to ל�
Qal
Participle
Masculine
Plural
Construct
ר מ� ש�
“he kept”
“to the ones keeping his covenant”
PARTICIPLE PRACTICE
ל־ה� ים כ� ש� נ� � יםא� ש� ק� ב� מ� יךה� ש= פ� ת־נ� א=Article: “the”
Piel
Masculine
Plural
Absolute
[בקש]
“he sought”
“All of the men who were seeking your life”
Attributive Adjective
PARTICIPLE PRACTICE
רה� ש= � ה א� ל= א4 ים ה� ש� נ� � יםא� ש� ק� ב� יך� מ� ש= פ� ת־נ� א=Piel
Masculine
Plural
Absolute
[בקש]
“he sought”
“These men who are seeking your life”
Predicative Adjective
PARTICIPLE PRACTICE
שא ק4 ב� י מ� כ� י אנ� =ת־אח�Piel
Participle
Masculine
Singular
Absolute
[בקש]
“he sought”
“I am seeking my brothers”
REVIEW OF THE STRONG VERB
VERBS WITH PREFORMATIVES
•Imperfect•Jussive•Cohortative
VERBS WITHOUT PREFORMATIVES
•Perfect•Imperative•Infinitives•Participles
PREFORMATIVE י
•Always Imperfect or Jussive•Always 3rd person•Always masculine•Both singular and plurals
PREFORMATIVE ת
•Always Imperfect or Jussive•Always 2rd person•All third feminine forms•Both singular and plurals
PREFORMATIVE א
•Always 1CS•No sufformative = Imperfect• �Iה sufformative (suffix)= Cohortative
PREFORMATIVE נ
•Always 1CP•No sufformative = Imperfect• �Iה sufformative (suffix)= Cohortative
SUFFORMATIVES/SUBJECT SUFFIXES
ה�
•Usually feminine
DON’T FORGET THAT ה� IS THE FEMININE ENDING ON NON-VERBAL FORMS
ה• כ� ל� מ� queenה• דול� ג� great, largeה• א�ת� her
�Iה MAY ALSO BE MASCULINE
• הא �ת� 2MS Independent personal pronoun
ה• ת� ל� ט� Certain 2MS perfects ק�
ה• ל� ט� ק� 2 MS alternative (emphatic) Imperatives
�Iה MAY ALSO BE COMMON
•Cohortatives• ה א ל� ט� =ק� 1CSה• ל� ט� ק� נ� 1CP
�Iה AS A ה- DIRECTIVE WILL NEVER APPEAR ON A VERB
הא צ� �ר� to(ward) the ground
ה נ� פ� צ� toward the north, northward
ה מ� י� מ� ש� to the heavens, heavenward
SUFFORMATIVE ו
•Always Plural•Usually masculine•May be common •Never feminine
NOTE THE 3MS PRONOMINAL OBJECT ON THE VERB
ת� ל� ט� הוק�Qal Perfect 3MS ל ט� ”he killed“ ק�
3MS Suffix “he killed him”
•Masculine but not plural
F
F
NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS
נוא ח� ��נ� 1CP Independent Personal
Pronoun “we”
נו ל4 ט� ל Qal Imperfect 3MS יק� ט� he“ ק�
killed” 1 CP Pronominal Object “he killed us”
�Iי SUFFORMATIVE
•Always singular•Usually first person•May be second person
F
NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS
יא ��נ�1 CS Independent Personal Pronoun “I”
י נ� ל4 ט� יק�Qal Imperfect 3MS ל ט� ק�
“he killed” 1CS Pronominal Object
“he killed me”
IN THE SUFFORMATIVE ת
•Perfect•All second person forms•First common singular
•Participle•Only feminine forms• Active and Passive• Absolute and Construct• Singular and Plural
IN THE SUFFORMATIVE נ
• Always plural• Usually first person
• Perfect• Note the pronominal forms
• 1CP independent personal pronoun• 1CP pronominal object
• May be second person• Always feminine
• Perfect• Imperfect• Imperative• Note the pronominal forms
• 2FP independent personal pronoun• 2FP pronominal object
• May be third person• Always feminine
• Imperfect• Note the pronominal forms
• 3FP independent personal pronoun• 3FP pronominal object
NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS
נוא ח� ��נ�1CP Independent Personal Pronoun “we”
נו ל4 ט� יק�Qal Imperfect 3MS ל ט� ”he killed“ ק�
1CP pronominal object “he killed us”
NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS
הא נ� ת4 ן א� �ת=2FP Independent Personal Pronouns “you”
ן לוכ= ט� יק�Qal Imperfect 3MP ל ט� ”he killed“ ק�2FP pronominal object “they killed
you”
NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS
הה4 נ� ן ה43FP Independent Personal Pronouns “them”
לון ט� יק�Qal Imperfect 3MP ל ט� he killed” 3FP“ ק�
pronominal object “they killed them”
IN THE SUFFORMATIVE מ
•Always masculine•Always plural•Perfect•Participle
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE HEBREW BINYANIM
THE NIFAL
•Prefixed נ•Dagesh forte in first root consonant
•Prefixed ה•Qames under R1
PREFIXED נ
CERTAIN INFINITIVE ABSOLUTES
ט�ל ק� נ� Infinitive Absolute
DAGESH FORTE IN FIRST ROOT CONSONANT
ALL JUSSIVES AND COHORTATIVES
ל ט4 יק� Jussive
ה ל� ט� ק� א� Cohorative
PREFIXED ה
QAMES UNDER R1
ALL JUSSIVES AND COHORTATIVES
ל ט4 יק� Jussive
ה ל� ט� ק� א� Cohorative
THE PIEL
•Dagesh in all R2s•Vocal sheva under all pronominal and mode preformatives• Patah under R1• In all forms except the perfect• Short i-class vowel (hireq) under R1 in the
perfect
preformative on the participle מ•
DAGESH IN ALL R2S
VOCAL SHEVA UNDER ALL PRONOMINAL AND MODE PREFORMATIVES
PATAH UNDER R1NOT THE PERFECT
PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE מ
THE PUAL
• Dagesh forte in all R2s• Vocal sheva under all pronominal and mode
preformatives• Qibbus under all R1s• Patah under most R2s• Patah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic subject
suffix• Patah does not appear in• the participle• the infinitive absolute
• preformative on the participle מ
DAGESH FORTE IN R2
VOCAL SHEVA UNDER ALL PRONOMINAL AND MODE PREFORMATIVES
QIBBUS UNDER R1
PATAH UNDER MOST R2SPATA H R E D U C E S T O S H E VA I N F O R M S W I T H V O C A L I C S U F F I X E S
PATA H D O E S N O T A P P E A R I N T H E PA RT I C I P L E O R I N F I N I T I V E A B S O LU T E
PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE מ
THE HIFIL
• binyan prefix ה• Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Aboslute, Infinitive Construct• Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hifil forms
when compared to the prefixed forms of the Niphal binyan• Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct
• Silent Sheva under all R1s• Patah under all binyan, mode and pronominal
preformatives except for the Perfect• Short i-class vowel (hireq) under the binyan preformative ה
in the Perfect
THE HIFIL
•Long i-class theme vowel (י�or 4) in all but six perfect forms• Perfect forms without a long i-class theme
vowel:• All 2nd person forms of the perfect• Both first person forms of the perfect
• The theme vowel in these six perfect forms is a-class (patah)
preformative on the Participle מ•
BINYAN PREFIX ה
SILENT SHEVA UNDER R1
PATAH UNDER ALL BINYAN, MODE AND PRONOMINAL PREFORMATIVES EXCEPT
FOR THE PERFECT
LONG I-CLASS THEME VOWEL IN ALL BUT 6 PERFECT FORMS
PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE מ
THE HOPHAL
binyan prefix ה•• Perfect, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct• Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hophal
forms when compared to the ה prefixed forms of other binyanim• Cf. ה prefixed Niphal forms• Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct
• Cf. ה prefixed Hifil forms• Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct
THE HOPHAL
•Qames hatuph under all binyan, mode, and pronominal preformatives•Silent sheva under all R1s•Patah under most R2s• Patah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic
subject sufformative• Patah does not appear in the participle or infinitive
absolute
preformative on the Participle מ•
BINYAN PREFIX ה
QAMES HATUPH UNDER ALL BINYAN, MODE, AND PRONOMINAL
PREFORMATIVES
SILENT SHEVA UNDER R1
PATAH UNDER MOST R2SPatah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic subject sufformative
Patah does not appear in the participle or infinitive absolute
PREFORMATIVE ON THE מPARTICIPLE
THE HITPAEL
binyan prefix ה•• Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive
Construct• Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hitpael
forms when compared to the ה prefixed forms of the other binyanim• prefixed Nifal forms ה
• Imperative, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute
• prefixed Hifil forms ה• Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute
• prefixed Hophal forms ה• Perfect, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute
THE HITPAEL
binyan infix on all forms ת•• Short i-class vowel (hireq) under all binyan,
state, and pronominal preformatives• Silent sheva under binyan infix ת• Patah under R1•Dagesh forte in R2• preformative on the participle מ• Metathesis
BINYAN PREFIX ה+
BINYAN INFIX ON ALL FORMS ת
SHORT I-CLASS VOWEL (HIREQ) UNDER ALL BINYAN, STATE, AND PRONOMINAL
PREFORMATIVES
SILENT SHEVA UNDER BINYAN INFIX ת
PATAH UNDER R1
DAGESH FORTE IN R2
PREFORMATIVE ON THE מPARTICIPLE
METATHESIS