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Respiration I

Oxygen Cascade

Fick Equation

Water versus air

Mechanisms of ventilation

In “Animal Physiology” read pages 545-562.

Comparative Physiology, Biology 3320

Lecture 2 1. convective

heart

tissue

LungVO2=V!gas(PIO2-PEO2)=Gvent("PO2)

2. diffusiveVO2=DLO2 (PAO2-PcapO2)=Gdiff("PO2)

VO2=Q!blood(PaO2-PvO2)=Gperf("PO2)

3. convective

Ppa

Pv Pa

Ppv

Oxygen Cascade

4. diffusiveVO2=DMO2(PaO2-PmitO2)=Gdiff("PO2)

Symmorphosis

˜23 000:1 0.0062 143Kilograms of medium per liter O2

˜30:1 4.8 143Liters of medium per liter O2

˜1:11 000 9.4 850 X 10 -6 KC02 (cm2/atm min)

˜1:300 000 11 34 X 10 -6Diffusion constant, K02 (cm2/atm min)

˜1:9000 0.155 0.000 018 DC02 (cm2/s)

˜1:8000 0.198 0.000 025Diffusion coefficient, D02 (cm2/s)

˜25:1 0.000 057 0.0014Heat conductivity (cal/s cm ˚C)

˜3000:1 0.311000Heat capacity (cal/liter ˚C)

50:1 0.02 1Dynamic viscosity, (cP)

˜800:1 0.0013 1.000Density, p (kg/liter)

˜1:300.209 0.007O2 concentration (liter/liter)

Ratio: Water/airAirWater

Table 1.5 Comparison of air and water as respiratory medium.

4.46 5.57 30

5.31 6.57 20

5.79 7.22 15

6.35 8.02 10

7.97 10.29 0

Sea water

(ml O2

liter-1 water)

Fresh water

(ml O2

liter-1 water)

Temperature

(C°)

Table 1.4 The temperature effect on the amount of oxygen dissolved infresh water and in sea water in equilibrium with atmospheric air. [Krogh1941]

Gill ventilation of fishes

heart

tissue

Lung

Ppa

Pv Pa

Ppv

Ventilated Pool

Ram ventilation

5614.54 000 1.7813.3 2 250Katsuwonas(tuna)

3014.0 380 0.422 0.86 900Acipenser(sturgeon)

4611.1 31 0.147 0.193 210Salmo (trout)

40-70 24 0.120 0.134 200Scyliorhinus(dogfish)

5510.6 30 0.300 0.108 100

FishCallionymus(dragonet)

3413.6 288 0.320 0.504 900Cancer (crab)

2315.4 224 0.487 0.225 460Homarus (lobster)

53 9.7 111 0.555 0.206 200Crustaceans

Callinectes (crab)

2712.52 050 0.205 2.810 000Molluscs

Octopus

O2 extractionefficiency (%)

Po2 excurrent(kPa)

Gil water

flow

(ml min-1) g-1

O2 consumption

Rate (ml O2 min -1)

Mass

(g)

Genus

Table 9.6 A comparison of respiratory performance in marine animals