organizational behavior by mos ewees 4
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11ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
AND MANAGEMENT
By Mostafa Ewees (PhD)Stanford University
CHAPTER 1 Organizational Behavior and Management
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What is an Organization?
An organization is a collection of people who work together to achieve individual and organizational goals.
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What is Organizational Behavior?
Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of factors that affect how individuals and groups act in organizations and how organizations manage their environments.
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What is Management?
Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an organization’s human, financial, material, and other resources to increase its effectiveness.
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Managerial Roles• Manager: Any person who supervises one or more
subordinates.• Role: A set of behaviors or tasks a person is
expected to perform because of the position he or she holds in a group or organization.
• Managerial roles identified by Mintzberg (see Table 1.1):
Figurehead LeaderLiaison MonitorDisseminator SpokespersonEntrepreneur Disturbance handlerResource allocator Negotiator
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Managerial Skills• Conceptual Skills: The
ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and distinguish between cause and effect.
• Human Skills: The ability to understand, work with, lead, and control the behavior of other people and groups.
• Technical Skills: Job-specific knowledge and techniques.
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Challenges for Organizational Behaviorand Management
Using new information technology to enhance creativity and organizational learning.
Managing human resources to increase competitive advantage.
Developing organizational ethics and well-being.
Managing a diverse work force. Managing the global environment.
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• Information technology: The computer systems and software that organizations use to speed the flow of information around an organization and to better link people and subunits within it.
• Creativity: The decision-making process that produces novel and useful ideas that lead to new or improved goods and services or to improvements in the way they are produced.
Challenge 1:Using New Information Technology to
Enhance Creativity and Organizational Learning
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New Ways to Increase Performance• Reengineering: A complete rethinking and
redesign of business processes to increase efficiency, quality, innovation, or responsiveness to customers.
• Restructuring: Altering an organization’s structure (e.g., by eliminating a department) to streamline the organization’s operations and reduce costs.
• Outsourcing: Acquiring goods or services from sources outside the organization.
• Freelancers: Independent individuals who contract with an organization to perform specific services.
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Challenge 3Developing Organizational Ethics and Well-Being
• Ethics: Rules, beliefs, and values that outline the ways in which managers and workers should behave when confronted with a situation in which their actions may help or harm other people inside of or outside an organization.
• Well-being: The condition of being happy, healthy, and prosperous.
• Social responsibility: An organization’s moral responsibility toward individuals or groups outside the organization that are affected by its actions.
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Diversity Challenges
Decision Makingand
PerformanceFlexibility
Fairnessand
Justice
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