organic chemistry: studying compounds that contain carbon – life is carbon based
Post on 27-Mar-2015
217 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Organic Chemistry:
Studying compounds that contain carbon – life is carbon based
How many bonds does carbon always form?
1 2 4 6
4%8%
68%
20%
1. 12. 23. 44. 6
Metabolism: how cells acquire, transform, store, and use energy
Polymerization: Large compounds are constructed by joining together smaller compounds.
Monomers (smaller cpds) are joined together to form polymers
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen - C, H, O
A. Function Main source of energy: stored
in the bonds released when bonds are broken
Absorbed in the digestive tract as glucose enters
Breaks down complex carbohydrates
If not used stored or excess can be converted to fat
About 50% of the body’s calorie intake should be from carbohydrates
Sugars and starches Plant food such as fruits, vegetables,
grains Refined: much of the nutritional value
and nutrients have been stripped away white flour, white rice, cakes biscuits and
snack foods Your body cannot break down cellulose
– but referred to as fiber (is important!)
a) Monosaccharides – simple (single) sugars
Monomers: glucose, galactose, fructose
b) Disaccharides – double sugars Polymers: sucrose (glucose + fructose) lactose (galactose + glucose)
c) PolysaccharidesPolymers: starch and cellulose (in plants),
& glycogen (in animals)
Used for: storing energy
What are the simplest carbohydrates?
Monosa
ccharid
e...
Disa
ccharid
es
Polysacch
aride...
0% 0%0%
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides3. Polysaccharides
0 of 32
- “loss of water while putting together”
This is how complex carbohydrates are made (these can be stored)
The chemical bond is formed between the “- OH” groups in each molecule
Draw (on overhead)
- “water splitting” A water molecule is added to split
apart complex carbohydrates
Important to the human body because the digestive system must break down the complex carbohydrates
Once complex carbohydrates are broken down, they can be used in cellular respiration
Which of the following stores energy in animals?
Starch
Cellulose
Glyc
ogen
Fiber
0% 0%0%0%
1. Starch2. Cellulose3. Glycogen4. Fiber
0 of 32
Fats, oils or waxes Composed of carbon, oxygen
& hydrogen (C, O, H)
1)store energy (hibernation) - insulation2)form biological membranes phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes
Why? helps limit what can enter & exit the cellhydrophobic & hydrophilic parts
3) used as chemical messengers (hormones)
1) Broken down into fatty acids
2) Stored in body tissues Used to store or release energy Fatty acids + glycerol
[dehydration synthesis]
Unsaturated lipids: there is 1 or more carbon to carbon double bonds Does NOT contain the max. number
of hydrogen atoms possible Healthier – Found in olive oil,
fish oils, avocados,
Saturated lipids: carbon to carbon single bonds Contains the maximum (saturated) number of hydrogen atoms possible
Less healthy – Found in animal products
In meat, eggs, & cheese: harder to digest
Which type of lipid has double bonds and is not full of hydrogens?
Satu
rated Li
pid
Unsa
tura
ted Lipid
0%0%
1. Saturated Lipid
2. Unsaturated Lipid
0 of 32
Composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (N, C, H, O)
Monomers: amino acids (there are 20 common amino acids)
Peptide bond: joins 2 amino acids[A dehydration synthesis]
1. Growth & repair of tissue
2. Transport (hemoglobin transports oxygen)
3. Pump small molecules in and out of cells
1. Digestive enzymes break down into amino acids
2. When needed, proteins can enter the Citric Acid Cycle (cellular respiration) to help us get energy
Eggs, milk, meat, fish, poultry
What IS found in proteins, but NOT in carbohydrates or lipids?
Carbon
Hyd
rogen
Oxyg
en
Nitr
ogen
0% 0%0%0%
1.Carbon2.Hydrogen3.Oxygen4.Nitrogen
0 of 32
What type of bond holds amino acids together?
Ionic
Bond
Peptide Bond
Parenta
l Bond
James B
ond
0% 0%0%0%
1. Ionic Bond2. Peptide Bond3. Parental
Bond4. James Bond
0 of 32
Store & transmit genetic information
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen & phosphorus (C, H, N, O, P)
RNA: ribonucleic acid DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Carbohydrate
s Li
pids
Prote
ins
Nucle
ic Acid
s
0% 0%0%0%
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids
0 of 32
I need the most help with….?
Carbohydrate
s Li
pids
Prote
ins
Nucle
ic Acid
s
Dehydra
tion Synth
esis ...
I need help w
ith eve
ryth
...
I feel p
retty c
omforta
ble...
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids5. Dehydration Synthesis &
Hydrolysis Reactions6. I need help with everything!7. I feel pretty comfortable with
everything0 of 32
top related