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DIT. PENGOLAHAN PERTAMINA
Tlp : 021-381-5481
Email : sukotjo.wakimin@pertamina.com
1
Yogyakarta/ 10 November 2012
Oil Refinery Process
2
I. Gambaran umum
II. Proses – proses utama di kilang
III. Konfigurasi proses kilang
IV. Feed dan spesifikasi
V. Product dan spesifikasi
VI. Tantangan ke depan
Materi Presentasi
4
Pengolahan
(Refining)
Crude Oil Marketable
Product
SLC
Duri
ALC
Nigeria
dll
LPG
Gasoline
Kerosene / Avtur
ADO
Fuel Oil
C2=, C3=, C4=
Wax, Asphalt,
Aromatic, coke
Alur pengolahan minyak (oil)
Upstream Downstream
• Geophysical
Evaluation &
Design
• Field Development
• Drilling Operations
• Crude Oil & Gas
Production
• Gathering &
Processing
• Transportation &
Storage
• Refining of
Crude
• Product
Blending
• Pipeline
Transportation
• Barge & Vessel
Transportation
• Inventory
Management
• Product
Blending
• Truck Dispatch
• Marketing
• Demand Forecast
• Price Setting
• Customer Service
• Demand
Fulfillment
Exploration Production Refining Primary
Distribution
Terminalling Retail
Customer
Commercial
Customer
Trading
6
Indonesian Crude Production
Import Crude
Contractor
Pertamina production &Government Entlitement
Export
ExchangeCrude
1,000.0
400
700
300
200
100
200
500
Export, Exchange,Repayment
100
600
400
Unit : MBCD
Typical Crude & product
Distribution
NaturalGas
7
LPG : 30
Fuel Product
- Mogas : 190
- Kerosene : 150
- Gasoil : 250
- I D O : 8
- I F O : 67
Product
- Aviation : 33
- Pertamax : 7
- Pertamax Plus : 3
- Pertadex : 0.2
Ref. Fuel & Loss
- Total : 7.5 % Vol on Crude
Petrochemical (Excl. LPG )
- Total : 41
Miscellineous
- Total : 120.0
HOMCImport
20
7
I
III
II
V
VII
Kilang Pengolahan Minyak Milik PERTAMINA
RU I : Pangkalan Brandan RU III : Plaju RU V : Balikpapan
RU II : Dumai RU IV : Cilacap RU VI : Balongan
RU VII : Kasim
170
132.5
348
125
253.510
Dalam MBPSD
RefinersControlled* total capacity (KBD)
Influenced** capacity (KBD)
Number of refineries
Asia pacific major refineries
1
1
3
3
4
5
4
5
6
2
6
11
14
PTT
782Nippon Mitsubishi
670Idemitsu
599Cosmo Oil
247BP
298Petronas
285SPC
180Petron
1,272Shell
1,801Exxon Mobil
1,047Caltex (including
LG-Caltex)
1,115SK
1031Pertamina
370
555
285
485
285
* Majority controlled and manned by company
** Minority ownership
Source: Facts – EWCI; company website
10
NoJenis
ProsesUnit Proses Tujuan Proses
1 Persiapan Desalter Menurunkan water, menurunkan garam
2 Pemisahan Crude Distilling Unit (CDU),
High Vakum Unit (HVU)
Pemisahan primer berdasar titik didih
3 Treating Hydrotreating dan demetalisasi(HDS, ARHDM, DHDT, DHDT), Amine Absorber,
Pemurnian
4 Konversi Hydrocracker, Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), RFCC, Delayed Coker, Visbreaker, Platforming, H2 Plant.
Perengkahan, pembentukan / reforming
5 Perbaikan
Kualitas
Hydrotreater (HDS) Perbaikan kualitas
6 Proses-
proses Lain
Polymerisasi, IsomerisasiPenex,Totaray), MDU
Polymerisasi, aromatisasi, Filtrasi
Proses – proses utama di Oil Refinery
13
CDU
DMI
CDU
SPK
NRU
HVU
PL-I
DCU
DHDT
HCU
212
HCU
212
NHDT PL -II
TO LOMC
TO PREMIUM
H2P
701/702
CRUDE
CRUDE
GAS
SRN
KERO
ADO
L.RES
GAS
SRN
KERO
ADO
L.NAP
H.NAP
LPG
HOMC
LPG
GAS
LVGO
HVGO
S.RES
GAS
LPG
NAPHTHA
LCGO
HCGO
COKE
TO LSWR
NAPHTHA
L.KERO
H.KERO
TO PREM.
TO LOMC
HOMC
LPGL.NAP
H.NAP
LPG
L.NAP
H.NAP
L.KERO
H.KERO
ADO
BTM
LPG
L.NAP
H.NAP
L.KERO
H.KERO
ADO
BTMTO LSWR
EXCESS
RU II Dumai
PERBANDINGAN YIELD KILANG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN
PRODUK BERNILAI JUAL TINGGI DAN KOMPETISI
83
US average 128
India average 132
Japan average 152
UK average 170
Taiwan average 305
South Korea avg 430
Indonesia average
170
260
348
China average
RU II Dumai
RU VI Balongan
10
118
RU V Balikpapan
RU VII Kasim
RU III Plaju / Musi
RU IV Cilacap
125
3.6
10.7
3.8
7.7
9.0
5.9
5.0
7.9
3.3
3.5
4.7
1.0
4.9
10.6
Refinery comparison
Production capacity, kbpd
Nelson Complexity Index - Yield indicator
(higher number, high value yields)
International
competitors
Reliance India** 580 14.0
KILANG DENGAN KOMPLEKSITAS TINGGI AKAN MENGHASILKAN
FRAKSI RINGAN LEBIH BESAR DAN PRODUCT VALUE LEBIH TINGGI
Source: McKinsey
Kerosene / Avtur
Residual fuel
Fuel Gas
LPG /
Propane
Gasoline
Solar / Diesel
Gas plant
Reformer
Dis
tilla
tion
Crude
oil
Refinery
configuration typeUnits
present
Typical light
product yield*
% volume
Dis
tillatio
n
Refo
rmer
FC
C
Alk
y
Coker
Coking
Topping
Hydro-
skimming
FCC
FCC/alky
85
30
50
70
75
Simple /
Hydroskimming
Complex /
Cracking
Fraksi
Ringan
Yields Simple (%v) Complex
(%v)
Gas/ LPG 2.11 9.56
Gasoline 16.51 44.58
Kerosene / Avtur 20.22 8.95
Solar / Diesel 21.32 20.44
Residue 39.84 16.47
Total 100.00 100.00* Actual yield is also dependent on the crude type/quality
22
Terdiri atas senyawa C (1 - 40an ) dan H
Didefinisikan dengan crude assay (boiling point cut, sifat
fisik)
Mengandung impurities (S, N, metals)
Dikategorikan sebagai : parafinik, naphthenik, aromatik.
Crude Oil ( minyak bumi) :
Komposisi desain feed (crude) RU’s
R U UNIT JENIS CRUDE KOMPOSISI
OPERASI CRUDE ( % V)
DUMAI SLC 80%
DURI 20%
RU II SUNGAI PAKNING SLC 90%
LIRIK 10%
RU III CDU I - VII SLC
RAMBA
RU IV CDU I ALC 100%
CDU II ARJUNA 50%
ATTAKA 50%
RU V CDU IV HANDIL 60%
BEKAPAI 40%
CDU V SLC 70%
WIDURI 30%
RU VI CDU SLC 20%
DURI 80%
RU VII CDU WALIO 100%
TABEL. SPESIFIKASI FEED
PRIMARY PROCESSING
NO PARAMETER UNIT UP II UP III UP IV UP V UP VI
SPK
1 SALT CONTENT ptb max 7 max 8.7 max 7.8 max 10
2 SULFUR % WT max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1
3 N + 2A % vol min 80
4 Asphalthenes % wt max 0.71 max 0.45
5 Vanadium ppm wt max 0.5
6 Nickel ppm wt max 20
7 Mercury ppb max 25 max 25 max 25
8 TAN mgKOH/mg max 0.7 max 0.62
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Produk No. Atom C Spesifikasi kritis
LPG C3 – C4 Kadar C3&C4, RVP, bau, C2, korisifitas
Gasoline C4 – C12 ON, distilasi/EP, RVP, S, aromat, korisifitas
Jet Fuel / Kero C8 – C12 Freezing point, smoke point, flash point
ADO/Solar C12-C18 Cetane Index, distilasi/EP, S, korosifitas
Fuel Oil / Residu > C25 Viskositas, Sg
Marketable products :
Spesifikasi produk LPG
27
+) Sebelum ditambah ethyl atau buthyl mercaptan
*) Tidak dilakukan di Laboratorium
Ref. Dirjen Migas no. No. 26525.K/10/DJM.S/2009
NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX
1. Specific Gravity at 60 / 60 °F ASTM D - 1657 To Be Reported
2. Komposisi : ASTM D - 2163
C2 % vol - 0.8
C3 + C4 % vol 97.0 -
C5 + ( C5 and heavier ) % vol - 2.0
3. R.V.P at 100 ° F psig ASTM D - 1267 - 145
4. Weathering Test at 36 °F % vol ASTM D - 1837 95 -
5. Total Sulphur grains/100
cuft
ASTM D - 2784 - 15 +)
6. Copper Corrosion 1 hours/100 °F ASTM D - 1838 - No. 1
7. Ethyl or Buthyl Mercaptan Added mL / 1000 AG 50 *)
8. Water Content Visual No free water
28
NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX
1. Research Octane Number ASTM D-2699 88.0 -
2. Colour Visual Yellow
3. Dyes content gr/100 L - 0.13
4. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 oC ASTM D-130 - No. 1
5. Distillation : ASTM D-86 - -
10 % Vol. recovery oC - 74
50 % Vol. recovery oC 75 125
90 % Vol. recovery oC - 180
End Point oC - 215
Residue % vol - 2.0
6. Doctor Test or No. 9 IP-130 - Negative
7. Existent Gum mg/100 mL ASTM D-381 - 4.0
8. Induction Period Minutes ASTM D-525 240 -
9. Mercaptan Sulphur % wt ASTM D-3227 - 0.0020
10. Density at 15 oC Kg/m3 ASTM D-4052 715,0 780,0
11. Oksigenat content % vol Mixing - 11
12. R.V.P at 100 oF kPa ASTM D-323 - 69
13. Lead Content g / L ASTM D-5059 - 0.013
14. Total Sulphur % wt ASTM D-2622 - 0.10
Spesifikasi produk premium (hal 1 dari 2)
29
Spesifikasi produk Solar
NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX
1. Appearance Visual Clear & Bright
2. Density 15 °C kg / m³ ASTM D - 1298 815 870
3. Strong Acid Number mg KOH/g ASTM D - 664 - NIL
4. Total Acid Number mg KOH/g ASTM D - 664 - 0.6
5. Ash Content % wt ASTM D - 482 - 0.01
6. Cetane Index ASTM D - 4737 48 -
7. Colour ASTM No. ASTM ASTM D - 1500 - 3.0
8. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 100 °C ASTM D - 130 - No. 1
9. Distillation, T90 °C ASTM D - 86 - 370
10. Pour Point °C ASTM D - 97 - 18
11. Sediment % wt ASTM D - 473 - 0.01
12. Visc. Kinematic at 40 °C cSt ASTM D - 445 2.000 5.000
13. Water Content mg / kg ASTM D - 1744 - 500
14. Flash Point PMcc °C ASTM D - 93 55 -
15. Total Sulphur * % wt ASTM D - 2622 OR
ASTM D - 1552
- 0.35
16. Conradson Carbon Residue % wt ASTM D - 4530 - 0.1
*) Ref. : SK Dirjen Migas No. 3675 K/24/DJM/2006.
Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 5312/14/DJM.T/2008.
Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 1470/04/DJM.0/2009.
30
Spesifikasi produk Kerosene
NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX
1. Density 15 °C kg / m ³ ASTM D - 1298 - 835
2. Burning Test ( Dry Char ) mg / kg IP - 10 - 40
3. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 °C Class ASTM D - 130 - No. 1
4. Distilation : ASTM D - 86
End Point °C - 310
Recovery at 200 °C % vol 18 -
5. Flash Point Abel °C IP - 170 38.0 -
6. Odour & Colour - Marketable
7. Smoke Point mm ASTM D -1322 15 -
8. Total Sulphur % wt ASTM D -1266 - 0.20
Ref. : Dirjen Migas No. 17K/72/DDJM/1999 Tgl. 16 April 1999
32
Tantangan ke depan
1. Menaikkan kehandalan kilang.
2. Mengurangi losses dan refinery fuel.
3. Mengoptimalkan produksi.
4. Memenuhi regulasi pemerintah.
5. Menurunkan biaya-biaya.
Lingkungan yang berubah :
1. Harga crude yang cenderung tinggi.
2. Tuntutan kinerja standart global.
3. Regulasi produk yang berubah.
4. Tuntutan lindungan lingkungan yang semakin ketat.
Tuntutan terhadap Pengolahan :
Tipikal Struktur Biaya Bidang Pengolahan
Bahan Baku;
92.1%
Biaya Angkutan;
0.9%
Biaya Pengolahan;
2.4%
Biaya Refinery Fuel; 3.6%
Biaya Depresiasi; 0.9%
Biaya Interest;
0.1%
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