of what is the universe made?
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Of what is the Universe made?
Insert new hubble photos to start the inquiry
The Universe is Made of
Matter Energy Nothingness -vacuum
Other
Matter and Energy are really the same thing!
E=MC2
In this Hubble Photograph, you can see the matter and evidence of energy. What you also see, or
think you see, is large amounts of nothingness. The vacuum of space. But what about “the
other?”
Sadly, in fifth grade we only Study Matter and
Energy. We must ignore “other” until college.
Let us start with Matter.
MatterWhat is it?
Why is it important?
MatterWhat is it?
Why is it important?
The official definition of matter?
Definition: anything that has mass and occupies space (has volume.)
Synonyms of “Matter” : material, stuff, substance
So most of the things around us are matter
Can you think of other things that
are matter?
What are some things that are not matter?
Let’s review today's discussion
Of what is Matter made?
Atoms
Matter is made of small particles called
ATOMS
Atoms are so small they can not be seen even with powerful
microscopes
A grain of salt is made of about 12,000,000,000,000,000,000
atoms
Atoms were first named by an ancient Greek
philosopher named Democritus
He called it an “a tom” because in Greek it means “that which can’t be
cut.”We still call this smallest piece an ATOM
But he thought of the atom as a kind
of marble – a smooth round ball
of whatever.
Close, But No Cigar
He wasn’t completely w wrong, he was partly
wrong!
Atoms have two basic parts
•A nucleus or center and
•electron shells
N
NN
N
The nucleus may be small or large
P
PP
P
PPP
PP
P
P
P NN
N N
N NN
N
Nuclei are made of small particles
called Protons and Neutrons
N
The electron shells are in an area around the nucleus
You can think of it as an orbit.
Electron shells.
Nucleus
So, unlike Democritus, we now know that atoms can be cut into smaller and
smaller pieces themselves
• The parts of ATOMS are • The PROTON, which has a positive electrical
charge• The ELECTRON, which has a negative charge • And the NEUTRON which has no charge.
The Neutron (s) and Proton(s) make up the NUCLEUS or center of the atom
The electrons “orbit the nucleus” of the atom
Here is where Democritus was right. Once you cut the atom
of something
it is no longer the thing you started with.
If you started with Gold, once you break the Gold atom
it is no longer Gold!
Atoms look something like this
They have a Nucleus (center)
And little things that “orbit” the nucleus are the electrons
Properties of Matter
A property is like a characteristic
~~something that describes
something else
When we talk about Matter
There are three really important properties
two important properties and
a bunch that are not as important, but still useful in classifying and
identifying matter.
Really Important Properties
1. Volume– How Much Space It Takes up
2. Mass– How Much Stuff Is in the Thing
Big Volume Big Mass
Really Important Property 3 state or phase of matter at room temp.
State or phase of matter refers to:
• Solid • Liquid • Gas
Gold is solid at room 68°f.
Gold is melts at 1948°fGold boils at 5085°f
The key question is:
Is the material you are look at a solid, liquid or gas
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Every type of matter will be one of these three at room temperature approximately 68°f
Important Property 3 – state or phase
State or phase of matter refers to:
• Solid • Liquid • Gas
I would like to find gaseous gold but couldn’t. I am not sure anyone would want gaseous gold. But it boils at 5085°f. At that temperature and correct pressure gold can become a gas.
The key question is:
Is the material you are look at a solid, liquid or gas
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Every type of matter will be one of these three at room temperature approximately 68°f
Mass and Volume control two other important properties of matter
Weight & Density
ImportantWeight –
The Pull of Gravity on the Object
Density – How Much Mass The Thing Has PER UNIT VOLUME
Weight is the measure of how much the force of gravity pulls down on an object.
Example
Bobgoes to the moon
Earth
Moon – 1/6 earth
Weight = 120kg Weight = 20kg
The gravitational pull of earth is defined as 1G. The moon, being 1/6th the mass of earth has only 1/6G of pull.
1G 1/6G
Earth Moon
Mass = 120kg
120kg
1G on Each side of Balance
Mass = 120kg
120kg
1/6G on Each side of Balance
Earth pulls down at 1G so on the scale you get Weight = 120kg
Moon pulls down at 1/6G so on a scale you get Weight = 20kg
The BALANCE is different. Lets see why.
DENSITYHow much stuff can you fit in a small space
Not much stuff packed into can
A lot of stuff packed into can
Not Dense Dense
Other Physical Properties of Matter
• Color• Smell• Taste• Texture• Flexibility• Malleability• Conductivity
• Reflectance• Ductility• Viscosity (if a liquid)• Boiling point• Freezing Point• Phase at Room
Temperature
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