ocean thermal energy

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY

Harnessing the stored solar energy in the seas

Vicente Fachina

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY

CONTEXT

GAIA HEALS HERSELF...WE OURSELVES ALONE ARE IN DANGER!

WHAT TO DO?

TO PROMOTE SERVICE & FLOW ECONOMY

TO M

AX

IMIZ

E R

ES

OU

RC

E

PR

OD

UC

TIV

ITY

TO IN

VE

ST O

N R

EN

EW

AB

LES

The Rankine power cycle Upgraded cycles

•Water / Ammonia mixture as working fluid

•To use heat regenerators

•To use solar heater for the surface sea water

•To use solar super heater for the working fluid

•To use gravity for reducing pumping power

•Rankine upgrades: KalinaTM & UeharaTM cycles

Cold water

Warm water

THE RANKINE POWER CYCLE

Liquid working

fluid

Saturated vapor working

fluid

THE KALINA POWER CYCLE

Cold water

Warm water

References: http://kalinacycle.net, http://www.globalgeothermal.com

Liquid working

fluid

Saturated vapor working

fluid

Working

water

Liquid working

fluid

THE UEHARA POWER CYCLE

Cold water

Warm water

Reference: http://www.otec.ws

1-y y

Liquid working

fluid

Working

water

Liquid working

fluid

Saturated vapor working

fluid

35-168 TWh/yr SUPPLY POTENTIAL (WEC, 1994)

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY SUPPLY

Source: esrl.noaa.gov, 2012

ARCHITECTURES 1/4

Source: Lockheed Martin Corp., 2011

OFFSHORE PLANT - I

Source: http://www.otec.ws, 2011

OFFSHORE PLANT - II

ARCHITECTURES 2/4

Source: http://www.otec.ws, 2011

ONSHORE PLANT

ARCHITECTURES 3/4

Source:http://www.otecpower.com, 2011

MODULES(w/ sub sea condenser)

ARCHITECTURES 4/4

PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

Source: adapted from http://www.otec.ws, 2012

Methanol Ethanol

Deuterium

H2

CO2 CO

2H

2

Ammonia

N2

COST COMPARISONS

Source (blue columns): irena.org, 2012

CEE (2010)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

OTEC CSP Offshore wind Hydro Biomass

US

D/G

J

Tempos de retorno

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Preço combustível [USD/GJ]

No

. an

os

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PRELIMINARY ECONOMICS

70 MW ELECTRICITY SUPPLY @ 90% UPTIME

USD 630-1,350 MM CAPEX, AND USD 15 MM/yr OPEX

0.7 USD/m3 DESALINATED WATER COST

10%/yr INTEREST RATE

Demanda de água potável [m3/s]

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

DAILY RENEWABLE ENERGY ROUTE

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING: OTHER ENERGY CARRIERS (HYDROGEN, AMMONIA)

DESALINATED WATER, SEA MINERALS, DEUTERIUM

DEEP OCEAN WATER (DOW): MARICULTURE, COLD WATER AGRICULTURE, CHILLING WATER FOR AIR CONDITIONING

OBRIGADO PELA ATENÇÃO!

Vicente Fachinavicentefachina@gmail.com