ocean energy
Post on 12-Jun-2015
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Ocean Energy
Fossil Fuels• Coal• Oil• Natural GasNuclear PowerSolarWindHydroelectricGeothermal
Where do we get our energy?
Why Do We Need Alternative Energy?
• Ecological Necessity– Oceanic Effects of
Increasing CO2 Concentrations
• Economic Necessity– Fossil fuels becoming
scarcer
• Tidal• Waves• OTEC• SWAC• Biofuels
La Rance tidal power plant at St. Malo, France.
Wave Energy
Wave EnergyOceanlinx
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC)
Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC)
Marine AlgaeCompelling Advantages
• Algae Consume CO2, a Major Greenhouse Gas• Do Not Use Fresh Water• Do Not Require Arable Land• Grow Very Rapidly• Represent a “New” Source of Fuel*• Represent a New Source of Animal Food • *Historical Footnote - Most of Our “Old” Fuels (i.e.,
Fossil Fuels) Were Produced by:
MARINE ALGAE!
Reported yields for biomass crops
Rapeseed
Palmoil
Jatropha
Microalgae
Soya
Biomass (Mt/ha/yr)
Oil-content (% dry mass)
Bio-diesel
(Mt/ha/yr)
Bio-diesel (bbl/ha/yr)
1-2.5 20% 0.2-0.5 1.4-3.5
3 40% 1.2 8.2
19 20% 3.7 26.4
7.5-10 30-50% 2.2-5.3 16-38
140-255 35-65% 86.6 350-700
Note: 1Mt bio-diesel equals 1,136 litres
A Petroleum-Free Hawaii?
PlantFeedstock
Oil Production(bbl acre-1 y-1)
Required Area (acres)*
Soybean 1.14 8,736,000
Rapeseed 3.02 3,298,000
Oil Palm 15.10 660,000
Microalgae 175.00 54,300**
* Hawaii’s transportation fuel consumption is 26,000 bbl/day (9,500,000 bbl/year)
** Kaho`olawe is 28,000 acres
Kona Pilot Facilityprove the concept• 2010
• 2.5 ha• Freeze initial set
of technologies• Show that a facility can
produce “large” amounts of algae and can be…– NPV-positive– Energy-positive
– CO2-negative
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