nutrient source control programs in the … source control programs in the southern everglades:...

NUTRIENT SOURCE CONTROL PROGRAMS IN THE SOUTHERN EVERGLADES: C-139 BASINCarmela Bedregal, P.E., Section Lead Everglades Regulation Bureau Orlando, 2016

C-139 Basin Case StudyC-139 Basin Case Study

2

FrameworkFramework

2002 C-139 Basin Regulatory Source Control2002 C-139 Basin Regulatory Source Control

3

1994 Everglades Forever Act (EFA)1994 Everglades Forever Act (EFA)

Stormwater treatment area• 2000 TP levels reach 53 mt of TP

• C-139 Basin: Maintain historic total phosphorus (TP) in discharges (1980’s 38 mt average)

Water quality monitoring

network

TP load compliance methodology

Historic levels adjusted for annual

rainfall

Best Management

Practices (BMPs)

BMP RequirementsBMP Requirements

Increasing BMP points (levels) based on annual compliance

BMP point system = Equitable level of effort among permittees

4

Moderate BMPs

Not comprehensive BMP Plans

Basic BMPs

Level I 15 points

Level II 15 points and

verification

Level III25 points

and verification

Level IV35 points

and verification

Level IV continues

Rule development

2003

20042005

20062007

Basin-specific: HydrologyBasin-specific: Hydrology

1950 canals built for fill material for levees

Private drainage improvements

Limited irrigation sources

Stormwater Treatment Area hydration

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Basin-specific: Land UsesBasin-specific: Land Uses

Land Uses 1987-1988 2008-2009

Pasture and native

81% 76%

Sugarcane 1% 7%

Citrus 9% 7%

Row Crops 4% 7%

Others 5% 3%

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Initial FindingsInitial Findings

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1. Increasing TP load and flow to rainfall events. Factor rainfall distribution (storms)

2. TP concentration differences within the basin

3. Total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) predominant

2006 TP in Runoff Load

Supplementary – Assessment ToolsSupplementary – Assessment Tools

• Hydrologic sub-basin

• Upstream monitoring network (TP, TDP, flow)

8a

Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs

• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)

• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)

8b-1

Vegetable Production

Demonstration

Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs

• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)

• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)

8b

Vegetable Production

Demonstration

Reservoir Construction

Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs

• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)

• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)

8b-2

Vegetable Production

Demonstration

Reservoir Construction

Reservoir Evaluation

Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs

• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)

• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)

8b-3

Vegetable Production

Demonstration

Reservoir Construction

Reservoir Evaluation

Reservoir Optimization

Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs

• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)

• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)

8b-4

Vegetable Production

Demonstration

Reservoir Construction

Reservoir Evaluation

Reservoir Optimization

Tailwater Recovery

Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs

• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)

• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)

8b-5

Vegetable Production

Demonstration

Reservoir Construction

Reservoir Evaluation

Reservoir Optimization

Tailwater Recovery

Chemical Precipitation

2010 Amended Regulatory Program

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Comprehensive BMP plansNutrient management

Banding vegetable beds

Water management

Flooded pastures

Particulates and Sediment Controls

Clean canals

BMP effectiveness demonstration

Monitoring equipment

Sub-basin Monitoring Refined Compliance Method

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

1. Comprehensive BMP Plans

• Verify implementation

• Hands-on BMP effectiveness demonstration

2. Assess performance periodically

• Water quality monitoring is an investment

• Hydrologic variability

3. Adaptive management

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Controlled application equipment Criteria for culverts with risers

Need more? Go to www.sfwmd.govNeed more? Go to www.sfwmd.gov

Chapter 4: Source Control Program

The 2017 draft is available!