nutrient source control programs in the … source control programs in the southern everglades:...
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NUTRIENT SOURCE CONTROL PROGRAMS IN THE SOUTHERN EVERGLADES: C-139 BASINCarmela Bedregal, P.E., Section Lead Everglades Regulation Bureau Orlando, 2016
C-139 Basin Case StudyC-139 Basin Case Study
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FrameworkFramework
2002 C-139 Basin Regulatory Source Control2002 C-139 Basin Regulatory Source Control
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1994 Everglades Forever Act (EFA)1994 Everglades Forever Act (EFA)
Stormwater treatment area• 2000 TP levels reach 53 mt of TP
• C-139 Basin: Maintain historic total phosphorus (TP) in discharges (1980’s 38 mt average)
Water quality monitoring
network
TP load compliance methodology
Historic levels adjusted for annual
rainfall
Best Management
Practices (BMPs)
BMP RequirementsBMP Requirements
Increasing BMP points (levels) based on annual compliance
BMP point system = Equitable level of effort among permittees
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Moderate BMPs
Not comprehensive BMP Plans
Basic BMPs
Level I 15 points
Level II 15 points and
verification
Level III25 points
and verification
Level IV35 points
and verification
Level IV continues
Rule development
2003
20042005
20062007
Basin-specific: HydrologyBasin-specific: Hydrology
1950 canals built for fill material for levees
Private drainage improvements
Limited irrigation sources
Stormwater Treatment Area hydration
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Basin-specific: Land UsesBasin-specific: Land Uses
Land Uses 1987-1988 2008-2009
Pasture and native
81% 76%
Sugarcane 1% 7%
Citrus 9% 7%
Row Crops 4% 7%
Others 5% 3%
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Initial FindingsInitial Findings
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1. Increasing TP load and flow to rainfall events. Factor rainfall distribution (storms)
2. TP concentration differences within the basin
3. Total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) predominant
2006 TP in Runoff Load
Supplementary – Assessment ToolsSupplementary – Assessment Tools
• Hydrologic sub-basin
• Upstream monitoring network (TP, TDP, flow)
8a
Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs
• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)
• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)
8b-1
Vegetable Production
Demonstration
Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs
• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)
• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)
8b
Vegetable Production
Demonstration
Reservoir Construction
Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs
• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)
• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)
8b-2
Vegetable Production
Demonstration
Reservoir Construction
Reservoir Evaluation
Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs
• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)
• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)
8b-3
Vegetable Production
Demonstration
Reservoir Construction
Reservoir Evaluation
Reservoir Optimization
Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs
• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)
• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)
8b-4
Vegetable Production
Demonstration
Reservoir Construction
Reservoir Evaluation
Reservoir Optimization
Tailwater Recovery
Supplementary - Optimize BMPsSupplementary - Optimize BMPs
• BMP effectiveness demonstration ($1.2M)
• Grant program for above and beyond BMPs ($850K)
8b-5
Vegetable Production
Demonstration
Reservoir Construction
Reservoir Evaluation
Reservoir Optimization
Tailwater Recovery
Chemical Precipitation
2010 Amended Regulatory Program
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Comprehensive BMP plansNutrient management
Banding vegetable beds
Water management
Flooded pastures
Particulates and Sediment Controls
Clean canals
BMP effectiveness demonstration
Monitoring equipment
Sub-basin Monitoring Refined Compliance Method
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1. Comprehensive BMP Plans
• Verify implementation
• Hands-on BMP effectiveness demonstration
2. Assess performance periodically
• Water quality monitoring is an investment
• Hydrologic variability
3. Adaptive management
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Controlled application equipment Criteria for culverts with risers
Need more? Go to www.sfwmd.govNeed more? Go to www.sfwmd.gov
Chapter 4: Source Control Program
The 2017 draft is available!