notes nomenclature
Post on 03-Jun-2018
226 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
1/36
1
Chapter 5Nomenclature
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
2/36
2
5.1 Naming Compounds5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain
a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain
Only Nonmetals (Type III)5.4 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review
5.5 Naming Compounds That ContainPolyatomic Ions
5.6 Naming Acids5.7 Writing Formulas from Names
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
3/36
3
Binary Compounds
Composed of two elements
Binary Ionic Compounds
Metalnonmetal Binary Covalent Compounds
Nonmetalnonmetal
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
4/36
4
Binary ionic compoundscontain positive cationsand negative anions.
Type I compounds Metal present
forms only onecation.
Type II compounds Metal present can
form 2 or morecations withdifferent charges.
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
5/36
5
Common Simple Cations and
Anions
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
6/36
6
1. The cation is always named firstand the anion second.
2. A simple cation takes its name fromthe name of the element.3. A simple anion is named by taking
the first part of the element name(the root) and adding ide .
Naming Type I Ionic Compounds
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
7/36
7
Examples:KCl Potassium chloride
MgBr 2 Magnesium bromide
CaO Calcium oxide
Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
8/36
8
Exercise
What is the name of the compoundSrBr 2?
a) strontium bromineb) sulfur bromidec) strontium dibromided) strontium bromide
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
9/36
9
Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
Metals in these
compounds can formmore than one type ofpositive charge.
Charge on the metal ionmust be specified. Roman numeral
indicates the charge ofthe metal cation. Transition metal cations
usually require a Romannumeral.
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
10/36
10
Common Type II Cations
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
11/36
11
1. The cation is always named firstand the anion second.
2. Because the cation can assumemore than one charge, the chargeis specified by a Roman numeral inparentheses.
Naming Type II Ionic Compounds
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
12/36
12
Examples:CuBr Copper(I) bromide
FeS Iron(II) sulfide
PbO 2 Lead(IV) oxide
Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
13/36
13
Exercise
What is the name of the compoundCrO 2?
a) chromium oxide
b) chromium(II) oxidec) chromium(IV) oxide
d) chromium dioxide
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
14/36
14
Exercise
What is the correct name of the
compound that results from the moststable ion for sulfur and the metal ion thatcontains 24 electrons?
a) iron(III) sulfide
b) chromium(II) sulfidec) nickel(III) sulfate
d) iron(II) sulfide
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
15/36
15
Formed between two nonmetals.1. The first element in the formula is
named first, and the full elementname is used.
2. The second element is named asthough it were an anion.
3. Prefixes are used to denote thenumbers of atoms present.
4. The prefix mono - is never used fornaming the first element.
Naming Type III Binary Compounds
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
16/36
16
Prefixes Used to
Indicate Numbers inChemical Names
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
17/36
17
Examples:CO 2 Carbon dioxide
SF 6 Sulfur hexafluoride
N2O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide
Binary Covalent Compounds
(Type III)
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
18/36
18
Exercise
What is the name of the compound SeO 2?
a) selenium oxideb) selenium dioxidec) selenium(II) oxided) selenium(IV) dioxide
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
19/36
19
Flow Chart for Naming Binary
Compounds
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
20/36
20
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are charged entitiescomposed of several atoms boundtogether.
They have special names and mustbe memorized.
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
21/36
21
Names of Common Polyatomic Ions
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
22/36
22
Naming ionic compounds containingpolyatomic ions follows rules similar tothose for binary compounds.
Ammonium acetate
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
23/36
23
Overall Strategy for Naming
Chemical Compounds
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
24/36
24
NaOHSodium hydroxide
Mg(NO 3)2Magnesium nitrate
(NH 4)2SO 4
Ammonium sulfate
FePO 4Iron(III) phosphate
Examples
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
25/36
25
Exercise
What is the name of the compound KClO 3?
a) potassium chloriteb) potassium chloratec) potassium perchlorated) potassium carbonate
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
26/36
26
Exercise
Examine the following table of formulas and names.Which of the compounds are named correctly ?
a) I, IIb) I, III, IVc) I, IV
d) I only
Formula NameI P2O5 Diphosphorus
pentoxideII ClO 2 Chlorine oxideIII PbI 4 Lead iodideIV CuSO 4 Copper(I) sulfate
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
27/36
27
Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen
that appears first in the formulaHCl. An acid is a molecule with one or more H +
ions attached to an anion.
Acids
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
28/36
28
If the anion does not contain oxygen ,
the acid is named with the prefixhydro and the suffix ic attached to
the root name for the element. Examples:HCl Hydrochloric acidHCN Hydrocyanic acidH
2S Hydrosulfuric acid
Rules for Naming Acids
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
29/36
29
Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
30/36
30
If the anion contains oxygen :
The suffix ic is added to the root name ifthe anion name ends in ate .
Examples:HNO 3 Nitric acidH2SO 4 Sulfuric acid
HC 2H3O 2 Acetic acid
Rules for Naming Acids
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
31/36
31
If the anion contains oxygen :
The suffix ous is added to the root nameif the anion name ends in ite .
Examples:HNO 2 Nitrous acidH2SO 3 Sulfurous acid
HClO 2 Chlorous acid
Rules for Naming Acids
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
32/36
32
Some Oxygen-Containing Acids
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
33/36
33
Flowchart for Naming Acids
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
34/36
34
Exercise
Which of the following compounds is namedincorrectly ?
a) KNO 3 potassium nitrate
b) TiO 2 titanium(II) oxidec) Sn(OH) 4 tin(IV) hydroxided) PBr
5phosphorus pentabromide
e) H2SO 3 sulfurous acid
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
35/36
35
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Potassium carbonate
K2CO 3
Sulfuric acid
H2SO 4
Dinitrogen pentoxide
N2O 5 Cobalt(III) nitrate
Co(NO 3)3
Examples
-
8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature
36/36
top related