notes nomenclature

8/13/2019 Notes Nomenclature

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Chapter 5Nomenclature


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5.1 Naming Compounds5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain

a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain

Only Nonmetals (Type III)5.4 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review

5.5 Naming Compounds That ContainPolyatomic Ions

5.6 Naming Acids5.7 Writing Formulas from Names


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Binary Compounds

Composed of two elements

Binary Ionic Compounds

Metalnonmetal Binary Covalent Compounds

Nonmetalnonmetal


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Binary ionic compoundscontain positive cationsand negative anions.

Type I compounds Metal present

forms only onecation.

Type II compounds Metal present can

form 2 or morecations withdifferent charges.


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Common Simple Cations and

Anions


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1. The cation is always named firstand the anion second.

2. A simple cation takes its name fromthe name of the element.3. A simple anion is named by taking

the first part of the element name(the root) and adding ide .

Naming Type I Ionic Compounds


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Examples:KCl Potassium chloride

MgBr 2 Magnesium bromide

CaO Calcium oxide

Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)


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Exercise

What is the name of the compoundSrBr 2?

a) strontium bromineb) sulfur bromidec) strontium dibromided) strontium bromide


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Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

Metals in these

compounds can formmore than one type ofpositive charge.

Charge on the metal ionmust be specified. Roman numeral

indicates the charge ofthe metal cation. Transition metal cations

usually require a Romannumeral.


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Common Type II Cations


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1. The cation is always named firstand the anion second.

2. Because the cation can assumemore than one charge, the chargeis specified by a Roman numeral inparentheses.

Naming Type II Ionic Compounds


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Examples:CuBr Copper(I) bromide

FeS Iron(II) sulfide

PbO 2 Lead(IV) oxide

Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)


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Exercise

What is the name of the compoundCrO 2?

a) chromium oxide

b) chromium(II) oxidec) chromium(IV) oxide

d) chromium dioxide


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Exercise

What is the correct name of the

compound that results from the moststable ion for sulfur and the metal ion thatcontains 24 electrons?

a) iron(III) sulfide

b) chromium(II) sulfidec) nickel(III) sulfate

d) iron(II) sulfide


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Formed between two nonmetals.1. The first element in the formula is

named first, and the full elementname is used.

2. The second element is named asthough it were an anion.

3. Prefixes are used to denote thenumbers of atoms present.

4. The prefix mono - is never used fornaming the first element.

Naming Type III Binary Compounds


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Prefixes Used to

Indicate Numbers inChemical Names


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Examples:CO 2 Carbon dioxide

SF 6 Sulfur hexafluoride

N2O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide

Binary Covalent Compounds

(Type III)


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Exercise

What is the name of the compound SeO 2?

a) selenium oxideb) selenium dioxidec) selenium(II) oxided) selenium(IV) dioxide


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Flow Chart for Naming Binary

Compounds


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Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are charged entitiescomposed of several atoms boundtogether.

They have special names and mustbe memorized.


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Names of Common Polyatomic Ions


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Naming ionic compounds containingpolyatomic ions follows rules similar tothose for binary compounds.

Ammonium acetate


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Overall Strategy for Naming

Chemical Compounds


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NaOHSodium hydroxide

Mg(NO 3)2Magnesium nitrate

(NH 4)2SO 4

Ammonium sulfate

FePO 4Iron(III) phosphate

Examples


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Exercise

What is the name of the compound KClO 3?

a) potassium chloriteb) potassium chloratec) potassium perchlorated) potassium carbonate


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Exercise

Examine the following table of formulas and names.Which of the compounds are named correctly ?

a) I, IIb) I, III, IVc) I, IV

d) I only

Formula NameI P2O5 Diphosphorus

pentoxideII ClO 2 Chlorine oxideIII PbI 4 Lead iodideIV CuSO 4 Copper(I) sulfate


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Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen

that appears first in the formulaHCl. An acid is a molecule with one or more H +

ions attached to an anion.

Acids


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If the anion does not contain oxygen ,

the acid is named with the prefixhydro and the suffix ic attached to

the root name for the element. Examples:HCl Hydrochloric acidHCN Hydrocyanic acidH

2S Hydrosulfuric acid

Rules for Naming Acids


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Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen


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If the anion contains oxygen :

The suffix ic is added to the root name ifthe anion name ends in ate .

Examples:HNO 3 Nitric acidH2SO 4 Sulfuric acid

HC 2H3O 2 Acetic acid



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If the anion contains oxygen :

The suffix ous is added to the root nameif the anion name ends in ite .

Examples:HNO 2 Nitrous acidH2SO 3 Sulfurous acid

HClO 2 Chlorous acid



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Some Oxygen-Containing Acids


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Flowchart for Naming Acids


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Exercise

Which of the following compounds is namedincorrectly ?

a) KNO 3 potassium nitrate

b) TiO 2 titanium(II) oxidec) Sn(OH) 4 tin(IV) hydroxided) PBr

5phosphorus pentabromide

e) H2SO 3 sulfurous acid


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Sodium hydroxide

NaOH

Potassium carbonate

K2CO 3

Sulfuric acid

H2SO 4

Dinitrogen pentoxide

N2O 5 Cobalt(III) nitrate

Co(NO 3)3

Examples


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