north africa & middle east(final)

NORTH AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST

• Group 4• Labastida, Kenneth• Lasam, Kirei• Lopez, Robynne• Marbella, Esther• Mejia, Shannel

NORTH AFRICA

I. LOCATION

RELATIVE LOCATION

SUB-REGIONS

• Maghreb- Consists of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania- An Arabic word which means “where the sun sets”

SUB-REGIONS

• Mashriq- Covers parts of territory from west to east (Senegal, Southern Mauritania, Mali, Burkina, Faso, Southern Algeria, Niger, Northern Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, Northern Ethiopia, and Eritrea.- An Arabic word meaning “where the sun rises”

MIDDLE EAST

II. LANDSCAPE

NORTH AFRICA

III. ECONOMY

NORTH AFRICA

PRODUCTS

Country Products

Western Sahara 1. Major Phosphate producer

Tunisia 1. Wood products

Algeria 1. Olive Oil

Egypt 1. Cotton2. Textile industry

Morocco 1. Coal2. Leather goods

Libya 1. Petroleum and natural gas ( National Oil Company of Libya; Waha Oil Company)

CURRENCY

Country Currency

Morocco Dirham

Algeria Algerian Dinar

Tunisia Tunisian Dinar

Libya Libyan Dinar

Egypt Egyptian Pound

Sudan Sudanese Dinar

Western Sahara Dirham

IV. GOVERNMENT

NORTH AFRICA

COUNTRY NAME

TYPE OF GOVERNME

NT

HEAD OF STATE

NATIONAL FLAG

MORROCO Constitutional Monarchy

King Mohammed IV (since July 23, 1999)

ALGERIA Republic Incumbent Abdelaziz Bouteflika (since April 27, 1999)

TUNISIA Republic Incumbent Moncef Marzouki (since December 13, 2011)

COUNTRY NAME

TYPE OF GOVERNME

NT

HEAD OF STATE

NATIONAL FLAG

LIBYA Works under transitional government

National Transitional Council (since February 27, 2011)

EGYPT Republic Incumbent Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (since February 11, 2011)

I. LOCATION

MIDDLE EAST

RELATIVE LOCATION

SUB-REGIONS

• Arabian peninsula• a peninsula which consists of

barren desert areas between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf

• strategically important for its oil resources

• Countries:• Saudi arabia• Qatar• Oman• Bahrain• Kuwait• United Arab of Emirates• Yemen

SUB-REGIONS

• Fertile Crescent• The term was popularized by the American

Orientalist James Henry Breasted.• refers to part of the ancient Near East that

has been considered to be the principal center for the emergence of agriculture, villages, and cities, and hence the “cradle of civilization.”

• extends in an arc from the Nile River valley through Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria and into Iraq

• a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming

• a boomerang shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf

• countries:• Israel• Jordan• Lebanon• Syria

II. LANDSCAPE

MIDDLE EAST

III. ECONOMY

MIDDLE EAST

PRODUCTS

Countries Products NotesIran Oil

AutomotiveTelecommunicationsPetrochemicalBanking and Insurance

One of the largest economy in the Middle East and has the potential to be one of the world’s largest economies in the 21st century

Iraq Oil The war with the United States had handicapped Iraq’s economy

U.A.E Oil  Saudi Arabia Oil

Petrochemical and chemical products (SABIC-Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Corporation)Gol, Aluminum, Phosphate (Ma’aden

Yemen KhatOil(Limited)

Relies on expatriate remmittances

Oman Oil Middle east’s most reliant country in oil

IV. GOVERNMENT

MIDDLE EAST

COUNTRY NAME

TYPE OF GOVERNME

NT

HEAD OF STATE

NATIONAL FLAG

IRAN Theocratic Republic

Incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (since August 3, 2005)

IRAQ Parliamentary Democracy

President Jabal Talabani (since August 7, 2005)

OMAN Monarchy Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said (since July 23, 1970)

COUNTRY NAME

TYPE OF GOVERNME

NT

HEAD OF STATE

NATIONAL FLAG

YEMEN Republic Incumbeny Abd Rabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi(since February 25, 2012)

SAUDI ARABIA Monarchy Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud (since August 1, 2005)

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Federal Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Since January 4, 2006)

V. CURRENT EVENTSNORTH AFRICA

TUNISIA

• Protesters in downtown Tunis on 14 January 2011

LIBYA

• Thousands of demonstrators gather inBayda,Libya

ALGERIA

• Protests and violence in Algeria against corrupted government

V. CURRENT EVENTSMIDDLE EAST

YEMEN

• Protests in Sana’a, Yemen

YEMEN

• Yemen: elections on-going to replace leader Al salleh Abdulah

OMAN

• Protesters set ablaze Lulu Hypermarket inSohar, Oman on 28 February 2011

REASONS FOR UPRISING

-A wave of protests has erupted throughout the Middle East and North Africa. A combination of the global financial crisis, rising costs of living, high unemployment — especially of educated youth, frustration from decades of living under authoritarian and corrupt regimes, various document leaks revealing more details about how governments around the world are dealing and viewing each other, have all combined in different ways in various countries, leading to a wave of rising anger. -Some protests have become revolutions as governments such as those in Tunisia and Egypt have been overthrown. Others have not got that far but have sometimes been peaceful, other times met with very brutal repression.

- These protests do not only happen in a single country but also to those states goverened by an authoritarian government. Pro-democracy citizens struggles to overthrow leaders who abuse their authoritarian power for their personal interests.

 - We may wonder why these protests that later turned out to be revolutions were

not as peaceful like what happened in our country. It’s because of the long-running oppressive regimes who assumes power taking it to a high level of audacity. As situations like these arise, ordinary citizens took up arms to help free themselves from the brutal regimes. This caused a more violent atmosphere between the two opposing sides.

 - It is also because leaders of these countries has decided to ratchet up the

firepower, to crush this uprising once and for all to break their spirit, to seal these areas off so they can't get in, so that they can't get medical supplies in, so that they can't bring weapons in to support themselves as a last resort to stop these people.

ARAB SPRING

The uprising of these countries in the Middle East and North Africa particularly Syria, Libya, Tunisia etc. are a part of a wider on-going violent conflict, termed as the ARAB SPRING which started more or less in 2010 affecting large part of the Arab World. Arab Spring is may be literally interpreted as Arabic Rebellions/Arab Revolutions that are currently bombarding many countries in the west. It is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests occurring in the Arab world that began approximately in December 2010. To date, rulers have been forced from power in Tunisia, Egypt Libya, and Yemen;

 civil uprisings have erupted in Bahrain and Syria; major protests have broken out in Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco and Oman; and minor protests have occurred in Lebanon, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Western Sahara. 

Clashes at the borders of Israel in May 2011 and the Palestine 194 movement have also been inspired by the regional Arab Spring.

The protests have shared techniques of civil resistance in sustained campaigns involving strikes, demonstrations, marches, and rallies, as well as the use of social media to organize, communicate, and raise awareness in the face of state attempts at repression and Internet censorship.

Many demonstrations have met violent responses from authorities, as well as from pro-government forces and counter-demonstrators.

EFFECTS/IMPACT TO THE WORLD

- Left and right protests caused an uproar affected extremely the social life not only of the citizens of the country but also other nationalities including OFWs of our own.

- Since the west is known for their huge production of oil, these protests somehow hinders the trade of these countries around the world. Why? Of course, traders are afraid of terrorist attacks and tend to search for other sources of oil to avoid these kind of matters.

- - This series of conflicts continue to threaten the future of countries not only in the middle east but also the countries around the world, hindering it to progress.