new progresses of monsoon asia integrated regional study (mairs) ailikun congbin fu mairs ipo...

New Progresses of Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional Study

(MAIRS)

Ailikun Congbin FU

MAIRS IPO

Institute of Atmospheric Physics

Chinese Academy of Sciences

AMY2008, 23-25April 2007, IAP, Beijing

What is MAIRS?

“Monsoon Asia Integrated

Regional Study (MAIRS) is an IRS program under ESSP, MAIRS

mainly focuses on the human-

monsoon dynamics over the monsoon

Asian region.”

Why monsoon Asia?

Dominated by monsoon climate

Unbalanced water resource distribution and Rich in ecosystems

Increasing temperature in recent decades

Large-scale landscape change due to climate change and human activity

Increasing emission of greenhouse gases and aerosols

Over pumping of ground water and

declining water quality Decreasing ecosystem service goods

and declining of biodiversity

Vision of MAIRS

“To significantly advance understanding of the interactions

between the human-natural components of the overall

environment in the monsoon Asian region, and implications for the global earth system, in order to

support strategies for sustainable development.”

Major achievements 2006

Tokyo Bay

Scientific Steering Committee installed

International Program Office formally opened in Beijing

MAIRS accepted as the first IRS of ESSP

International workshop ‘Mountain Zone’ held

Initial Science Plan published

Scientific Highlights

Crucial cross-cutting issues related to natural resources in water, energy, food security, biodiversity, air quality

and in disasters.

MAIRS integrates research on these issues in four geographic Zones in Asia:

• the Coastal Zone• the Mountain Zone• the Semi arid Zone• the Urban Zone

Coastal Zone

Urban ZoneSemi-arid Zone

Mountain Zone

Key points of the Themes

Urban Zones Changes in resources use and emission due to rapid

urbanization

Coastal Zones Rapid transformation of land and marine resources

Semi-arid Zones Vulnerability of ecosystem due to changing climate and

land use

Mountain Zones Multiple stresses on ecosystem and biophysical

resources

Hotspots study for MAIRS

1, The impacts of climate variation and human perturbation over the semi-arid region

2, Industrial emission and hydrological cycle in expending mega-cities in monsoon Asia

3, global warming and its impacts in Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau region

Hotspot Study 1: Semi-arid region

Semi-arid China

Koppan climate classification

Semi-arid China

Why Semi-arid Study?

Water resources and ecosystem service goods are crucial to the people living in semi-arid regions

Semi-arid regions are sensitive to climate variation and human perturbations

Semi-arid together with arid areas in monsoon Asia are the major sources of dust aerosol

Land degradation in semi-arid India

Land degradation in

semi-arid China

China

Global drying trend over last 30 years(Dai, 2004)

Changes of dry areas

Asian DustStorm

April 7,2001

10Apr, 2006 inner Mongolia 16Apr, 2006, Beijing 18Apr, 2006, Tokyo

Two CEOP reference sites over semi-arid Chinamm

8 0 9 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 4 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

0

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

5 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 2 0 0

1 4 0 0

1 5 0 0

1 7 0 0

1 8 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 1 0 0

Tongyu

Lanzhou

Lanzhou

La t: 35.32N,

Lon: 104.09E

Precip: 381.8 mm

Elev: 1874.1 m

on China-loess plateau

Tongyu

44.42N, 122.87E

Elev: 184 m

Precip: 404 mm

New initiative of observation network over arid and semi-arid regions of China (with CERN/CAS, CEOP, MOST,

MAHASRI, CMA, et.al)

Research Agenda

Interactions among global warming, monsoon variability and aridity

land surface-atmosphere processes over semi-arid region

Dust aerosols, the hydrological cycle and regional climate

Required field observations

• Surface Fluxes • Atmospheric aerosols, particularly du

st aerosols • land cover/use information; • Biological component

Satellite Data Requirements

• Data from various sensors, such as MODIS onboard NASA’s Terra platform and VEGETATION onboard SPOT.

• Other sources of operational stationary and polar-orbit satellites, such as China Fengyu series, would also be explored.

Model Requirements

The global model outputs will be used to drive the regional environmental system model to understand the physical, chemical and biological processes interactions in the semi-arid regions,

including: dust aerosol generation and transfer; the climate effects of dust aerosols and land use changes due to human activities, etc.

Hotspot study 2: Mega-cities over Yangtze River Delta Region

Semi-arid China

Shanghai, China Bangkok, Thailand

Tokyo, Japan Bombay, India

Urban air quality

Yangtze River Delta Region (YRD) in China YRD is a typical monsoon area, it occupies 1% of Chinese land area,6.9% of China’s population (total 1.3 billion). 21% of GDP in China is from YRD in 2002. Average economic growth rate is about 9.4% in recent 25 years. YRD is also one of the most polluted areas in China

Satellite image of Yangtze River delta

region

Aerosol Monsoon system

Human DevelopmentIndustrialization, Urbanization,

enhanced, agriculture

Environmental impactAgriculture, air quality, human health, Water sources, extreme climatic event,

biodiversity

Emission

Direct and indirect effect

Transport and deposition

Social Science

Natural Science

Framework of Integrated Aerosol Study in MAIRS

Adaptation(policy, law, institution)

Theme 1 Interaction between aerosols and monsoon system

– Physical, chemical, optical and radiative properties of aerosols

– Formation, transport, and deposition of aerosols

– Interaction of aerosol and cloud– The effects of aerosols on monsoon

circulation and precipitation

Theme 2 Impact of aerosols on local environment

– Impact on air quality and visibility reduction

– Impact on agriculture yield

– Impact on human health

– Impact on extremely climatic events

Theme 3 Human adaptation and control measures

– Human adaptation

– Control policy and measures

– Earth System Modeling

Scientific themes

The impacts of Anthropogenic aerosol emission to the monsoon circulation and precipitation regime in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regionHow does the monsoon climate influence the distribution and transportation of aerosol in YRD region?

Research Agenda

Observation Network over Yangtze River Delta Region

Required observations

• Physical, chemical, optical and radiative properties of aerosols

• Emission inventory of key aerosol species and their precursors in YRD

• Atmosphere chemical components• Remote sensing (satellite and aircraft) • Meteorological/environmental records• Social-economic parameters in Yangtze ri

ver delta region

Research base

Aircraft measurement

Y-12: made by China

From Prof. Wang W.

Dilution system for vehicle sources sampling

From Prof. Wang W.

From Prof. Wang W.

Chamber with FEP TEFLON wall

MODIS AOD - China in 2002From Dr. Li C.C.

Research base – remote sensing

Research base - modellingRadiative forcing of Black carbon in China

From Dr. Wu J.

MAIRS Important events in 2007

Tokyo Bay

MAIRS international workshop on semi-arid study (with CEOP, Lanzhou University, NSFC, MOST,CAS, 9-13Aug, 2007, Lanzhou).

Key topics of this meeting:

1, land surface-atmosphere interaction

2, Dust aerosol effect on hydrological cycle (local and regional)

3, climate change monitoring in semi-arid region

MAIRS Important events in 2007

Tokyo Bay

MAIRS international workshop on Anthropogenic climate change in Monsoon Asia (with MAHASRI/WCRP, AAMP/WCRP, NASA in November 2007).

Key topics of this meeting:

1, global warming impacts in monsoon Asian region

2, land surface change and monsoon climate

3, aerosol emission and hydrological cycle

Thank you!

http://www.mairs-essp.orgInfo@mairs-essp.org

Ormairs@mairs-essp.org